No Place but Texas:

An Annotated List of Plant Taxa Endemic to the Lone Star State

William R. Carr

The Nature Conservancy of Texas

Incomplete Working Draft, November 2009

Provided below is a list of all plant taxa thought to be endemic to, i.e., found only in, the State of Texas. This distinction has no biological significance, since political boundaries do not correspond to biotic and abiotic forces that effect plant distribution. Nonetheless, this list is offered to satisfy the curiosity of those who wish to know, for whatever reason, which of the state's 5500 to 6000 plant taxa grow only in Texas. Plant taxa that are endemic to the each of the 11 ecoregions that are found, in whole or (mostly) in part in Texas, are available from The Nature Conservancy in other venues.

A list of Texas endemics is not a new idea: two similar unpublished lists have been generated in the past. The first, entitled Endemic Vascular Plants of Texas, probably dates from the mid 1970's. It came to the Texas Natural Heritage Program from the files of the long-defunct Rare Plant Study Center at the University of Texas at Austin. Its authorship is unknown, but legend has it that it was the work of a student of Dr. Chester Rowell, a student who compiled it by painstakingly thumbing through the Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas (Correll & Johnston, 1970) and writing down every taxon described as endemic to Texas. The second effort was a list of target species for a project entitled Phytogeographical Investigation of Texas Endemics (Amos, 1991). This list was compiled by Dr. Bonnie Amos of Angelo State University. Its concept was broader, including taxa thought to be endemic to major natural biological regions contained mostly within the state as well as most of the traditional political endemics.

All of the taxa from the preceding efforts were originally included in this list. Many were deleted on the basis of new information documenting occurrence beyond the boundaries of the state. Others were deleted for taxonomic reasons, as new information made it clear that some of our so-called endemics were not distinct from taxa of other regions. (See "Excluded Taxa" at end of document.) Conversely, a few recently-described endemics are included here for the first time.

This is a work in progress. County distributions were compiled over the years from voucher specimens as well as a wide spectrum of published and unpublished literature. However, those sources are not cited directly in this document. Before any such list can be published, voucher specimens for each county must be transcribed. That task has not been undertaken as yet, in part because the ongoing Flora of Texas project offers the prospect that such information will be available electronically in a few years. For the meantime, county records represented by vouchers at the Plant Resources Center at the University of Texas at Austin are flagged with asterisks. The fact that other records are not documented herein is unacceptable and will be corrected in the future.

Only a few particularly pertinent literature references are cited. Those providing an illustration of the taxon in question are flagged with asterisks.

PTERIDOPHYTES

Isoetaceae Quillwort Family

Isoetes lithophila Pfeiffer. Rock quillwort. Sand and gravel in shallow water of ephemeral pools on essentially barren granite and gneiss outcrops on the Llano Uplift. Burnet*, Gillespie, Llano* and Mason counties. Ref: Correll, 1956*; Correll & Correll, 1975*; Flora of North America Committee, 1993; Rowell, 1983; Walters & Wyatt, 1982.

ANGIOSPERMS

Monocots

Agavaceae Agave Family

Nolina arenicola Correll. Sand sacahuista. Windblown Quaternary sand in dune area east of Van Horn; also in shrublands on steep Permian limestone slopes in the Guadalupe Mountains. Culberson, Hudspeth and perhaps El Paso counties. Ref.: Burgess & Northington, 1981; Correll, 1968; Poole, 1989b; Powell, 1998*.

Nolina lindheimeriana (Scheele) Wats. Lindheimer's nolina. Grasslands and open juniper-oak woodlands on dry rocky limestone slopes, mostly on the Edwards Plateau, but ranging north on the Lampasas Cutplain to Bell and Somervell Counties and south to at least Fayette County. Bandera*, Bell, Bexar*, Comal*, Edwards*, Gillespie*, Fayette*, Kendall*, Kerr*, Lampasas*, Somervell, Travis* and Williamson* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Lynch, 1981*.

Yucca cernua Keith. Nodding yucca. Known from a six square kilometer area in west-central Newton County and adjacent eastern Jasper County, where it is restricted to open or partially shaded upland sites on brownish acid clays of the Redco Series (Keith, 2003).

Yucca necopina Shinners. Glen Rose yucca. Grasslands on sandy soils on terraces of the Brazos River in Hood and Somervell counties and in deep sands in Parker and Tarrant counties (Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*.

Yucca pallida McKelvey. Pale yucca. Rocky limestone slopes primarily on the Lampasas Cutplain and in the Cross Timbers, with reports from Bosque, Brown, Coryell, Dallas, Palo Pinto, Parker, Somervell, Tarrant and Wise counties; the report from Travis County in Vines (1960) is doubtful. Reports from the Blackland Prairie are probably from areas of shallow stony soils rather than deep heavy clays. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Tull & Miller, 1991; Vines, 1960.

Yucca rupicola Scheele. Twistleaf yucca. The common yucca of the Edwards Plateau and Llano Uplift, occurring in almost every imaginable habitat. Bandera, Bell, Bexar, Blanco, Bosque, Burnet, Comal, Dallas, Edwards, Gillespie, Hays, Kendall, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Llano, Real, San Saba, Somervell, Travis, Uvalde and Val Verde counties. According to Mahler (1988), Yucca rupicola ranges no further north than Bell County, which would seem to indicate that reports from Dallas and Somervell counties may be based on specimens of Yucca pallida, another Texas endemic. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Lynch, 1981*; Rickett, 1970*; Vines, 1960*.

Yucca tenuistyla Trel. White-rim yucca. Southern Edwards Plateau and South Texas Plains; county distribution unknown due to lack of voucher specimens. A poorly known species, submerged by some authorities (e.g., Vines, 1960) within the more widespread Yucca constricta.

Commelinaceae Spiderwort Family

Tradescantia edwardsiana Tharp. Plateau spiderwort. Locally common in woodlands and forests in mesic canyons and on alluvial terraces in parts of the Lampasas Cutplain, but rare on much of the Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Bell*, Bexar*, Brown*, Caldwell*, Collin (Diggs et al., 1999), Coryell*, Dallas (Diggs et al., 1999), Fannin*, Hays, Lamar*, Medina*, Palo Pinto*, Travis*, Uvalde* and Val Verde* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Tharp, 1932*.

Tradescantia humilis Rose. Texas spiderwort. Numerous habitats in sandy to loamy soils over much of southern and eastern Texas. Austin*, Atascosa*, Bandera*, Bastrop*, Bee*, Bexar*, Brazoria*, Brown (Diggs et al., 1999), Burleson*, Dallas (Diggs et al., 1999), Dimmit*, Fayette*, Frio*, Goliad*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe*, Harris*, Hays*, Karnes*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Lamar (Diggs et al., 1999), Matagorda*, Newton*, Nueces*, Robertson*, San Patricio*, Travis*, Uvalde*, Victoria*, Webb*, Williamson* and Wilson* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Rickett, 1970*.

Tradescantia pedicellata Celarier [Tradescantia X diffusa Bush]. Granite spiderwort. Mostly in grasslands and among shrubs on rocky slopes and flats on sandy to gravelly soils derived from granite, gneiss and other igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Llano Uplift. Burnet*, Llano* and Mason* counties; a report from Blanco Co. is somewhat anomalous. Ref.: Celarier, 1956; Enquist, 1987a*; MacRoberts, 1978.

Tradescantia subacaulis Bush. Stemless spiderwort. Grasslands and woodland margins, mostly on sandy soils, ranging across much of the eastern half of Texas. Anderson*, Aransas*, Atascosa*, Bastrop*, Bexar*, Brazos*, Brooks*, Caldwell*, Calhoun*, Chambers*, Dallas*, Denton*, Erath*, Fayette*, Fort Bend*, Freestone*, Gonzales*, Grayson*, Henderson*, Hidalgo*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Lavaca*, Lee*, Leon*, Liberty*, Limestone*, Medina*, Milam*, Navarro (Diggs et al., 1999), Refugio*, Robertson*, San Patricio*, San Saba*, Tarrant*, Travis*, Washington* and Willacy* counties. Ref.: Anderson & Woodson, 1935; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Jones, 1977.

Cyperaceae Sedge Family

Carex edwardsiana Bridges & Orzell. Canyon sedge. Duff-covered loamy soils in mostly deciduous woodlands on rocky slopes in mesic limestone canyons. Bandera*, Bell*, Bexar, Blanco, Comal, Coryell*, Hays*, Kendall*, Medina*, Real, Travis and Uvalde* counties. Ref.: Bridges & Orzell, 1989*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Naczi & Bryson, 1990.

Cyperus onerosus M. C. Johnston. Dune flatsedge. Moist to wet sand in depressions among active or partially stabilized sand dunes in Andrews, Ward and Winkler counties. Ref.: Carr, 1991; Johnston, 1964a; Warnock, 1974*.

Eleocharis austrotexana M. C. Johnston. South Texas spikesedge. Miscellaneous wetlands at scattered locations on the coastal plain. Atascosa, Cameron*, Guadalupe*, Kenedy, Kleberg, Liberty, Matagorda, San Patricio and Wharton* counties (Johnston, 1964; ASTC, 1983; TEX-LL, 1997). Ref.: Johnston, 1964b.

Liliaceae Lily Family

Allium canadense L. var. ecristatum M. E. Jones. Crestless wild-onion. Poorly drained sites on sandy substrates within coastal prairies of the Coastal Bend area. Goliad, Matagorda, Nueces, Refugio and San Patricio counties (Ownbey, 1950; TAES, 1998; TEX-LL, 1998); a collection attributed to Bee County was probably taken from a site in San Patricio County (Ownbey, 1950). Ref: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Jones, 1977; Ownbey, 1950.

Allium coryi M. E. Jones. Cory's onion; Sperry's yellow onion. A variety of habitats in Brewster*, Jeff Davis*, Pecos*, Presidio* and Terrell* counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Henrickson & Johnston, in prep.; Ownbey, 1950; Rickett, 1970*.

Allium elmendorfii M. Ownbey. Elmendorf onion. Grasslands and other open habitats on deep loose sands. Atascosa, Bee, Bexar, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Kenedy, Llano, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio and Wilson counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Ownbey, 1950.

Allium perdulce S. V. Fraser var. sperryi M. Ownbey. Sperry's pink onion. Brewster, Culberson, Hudspeth, Jeff Davis, Presidio and Reeves counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Ownbey, 1950.

Allium runyonii M. Ownbey. Runyon's onion. Open areas on deep sandy soils. Mostly in South Texas. Brooks*, Duval*, Goliad, Jim Hogg, Kenedy*, Kleberg, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio*, Webb, Willacy* and Zapata* counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Hill, 1982; Ownbey, 1950.

Cooperia jonesii Cory [Zephyranthes jonesii (Cory) Traub]. Jones' rainlily. Bee, Cameron, Goliad, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio and Victoria counties (Correll & Johnston, 1970). Correll & Johnston (1970) speculated that this might be a hybrid between Zephyranthes pulchella and Cooperia drummondii.

Cooperia smallii Alex. Small's rainlily. Reported only from Cameron County. Correll & Johnston (1970) speculated that this might be a hybrid between Zephyranthes pulchella and Cooperia drummondii.

Cooperia traubii Hayward. Traub's rainlily. Moist soils in seasonal swales in southeast Texas, including (at least) Aransas, Calhoun, Colorado, Galveston and Refugio counties. Ref.: Jones, 1977; Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*.

Echeandia chandleri (Greenm. & Thomps.) M. C. Johnston [Anthericum chandleri Greenm. & Thomps.] Lila de las lomas. Cameron, Kleberg and Nueces counties, in nonsaline clay in coastal prairie grassland remnants and in unshaded openings in subtropical woodlands or shrublands and in windblown saline clay on lomas at mouth of Rio Grande. Villareal Q. (1994) reported Echeandia chandleri to be common in valleys and on lower slopes in a portion of southeastern Coahuila that lies at an elevation between 1200 and 2350 meters; the species is retained as a Texas endemic pending a taxonomic assessment of the Coahuila material. Ref.: Cruden, 1981; Cruden, 1993; Poole, 1985; Richardson, 1995*.

Echeandia texensis Cruden. Green Island echeandia. Lomas along the Gulf coast in Cameron County (Cruden 1999).

Zephyranthes pulchella J. G. Sm. Showy zephyr-lily. Seasonally wet areas on the coastal plain of South Texas. Cameron*, Frio*, Hidalgo*, Karnes, Kleberg, Nueces*, Starr, Webb and Wilson counties.

Zephyranthes refugiensis F. B. Jones. Refugio rainlily. Open swales on tight sandy loam. Goliad, Refugio and San Patricio counties. Ref.: Jones, 1961; Jones, 1977.

Orchidaceae Orchid Family

Spiranthes parksii Correll. Navasota ladies'-tresses. Margins of post oak woodlands in areas where edaphic factors such as high aluminum content or hydrologic factors such as a winter-perched water table limit competing vegetation. Brazos, Burleson, Fayette, Freestone, Grimes, Jasper, Leon, Madison, Milam, Robertson and Washington counties. Ref.: Catling & McIntosh, 1979; Mahler, 1980g; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; Wilson & Ajilvsgi, 1983.

Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. var. texana P. M. Brown & R. B. Pike. Texas three-birds orchid. Known only from Houston County, where it occurs in the sparse ground layer of a dense stand of hardwoods and pines along an intermittent drainage (Brown & Pike, 2006).

Poaceae Grass Family

Bouteloua kayi Warnock. Kay's grama. Limestone outcrops and gravelly soils on desert flats in a small portion of Brewster County. Ref.: Powell, 1994; Warnock, 1955*.

Bromus texensis (Shear.) Hitchc. Texas brome. Various habitats on the coastal plain and Edwards Plateau. Aransas*, Bexar*, Duval, Goliad, Jim Wells*, Karnes, McMullen, Nueces*, Refugio, San Patricio* and Travis counties. Ref.: Gould, 1975*; Silveus, 1933*; Wagnon, 1952.

Chloris texensis Nash. Texas windmillgrass. Relatively bare areas in coastal prairie grassland remnants on sandy to sandy loam soils. Brazoria, Chambers, Galveston, Harris, Nueces and Refugio counties, with questionable reports from Brazos and Hidalgo counties. Ref.: Gould & Box, 1965*; Silveus, 1933*.

Digitaria texana Hitchc. [including Digitaria runyonii Hitchc.] Texas crabgrass. Grasslands on deep sandy soils on the coastal plain. Brooks, Calhoun, Kenedy, Nueces, San Patricio and Willacy counties. Ref.: Gould & Box, 1965*; Gould, 1975; Lonard, 1993.

Muhlenbergia involuta Swallen. Canyon muhly; hybrid muhly. Rocky slopes in openly wooded limestone canyons; sometimes along creekbottoms, mostly on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera, Bexar, Blanco, Burnet, Comal, Edwards, Hays, Kendall, Kerr, Medina and Travis counties. Supposedly of hybrid origin (Muhlenbergia lindheimeri x Muhlenbergia reverchonii). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Gould, 1975*; Silveus, 1933*; Swallen, 1932.

Panicum nodatum Hitch. & Chase [Dichanthelium nodatum (Hitch. & Chase) Gould]. Sarita dichanthelium. Mostly on deep sandy soils of coastal barrier islands, the South Texas Sand Sheet, and the Post Oak belt on Eocene Sands in the northern part of the South Texas Plains. Aransas, Atascosa, Bastrop, Bexar, Brooks, Caldwell, Calhoun, Colorado, Gonzales, Karnes, Kenedy, Kleberg, Lavaca, Nueces, Refugio, Robertson, Victoria and Wilson counties (TEX-LL, Feb 2001; McAlister, 1999). Also in Mexico? (See Silveus, 1933.) Ref.: Gould & Box, 1965*; Lonard, 1993*; Silveus, 1933*.

Setaria firmula (Hitchc. & Chase) Pilger [Panicum firmulum Hitchc. & Chase]. Knotgrass. South Texas Sand Sheet and other sandy areas of the South Texas Plains. Hidalgo, Jim Wells, San Patricio and Willacy counties. Ref.: Gould, 1975*; Lonard, 1993; Silveus, 1933*.

Sporobolus tharpii Hitchcock. Padre Island dropseed. Deep sandy soils of coastal dunes and the South Texas Sand Sheet. Aransas*, Brazoria*, Cameron*, Harris*, Kenedy*, Matagorda, San Patricio* and Willacy* counties (TEX-LL, 2002; GH). Ref.: Gould & Box, 1965*; Gould, 1975*; Lonard, 1993*; Silveus, 1933*.

Tridens buckleyanus (L. H. Dewey) Nash [Triodia buckleyana (L. H. Dewey) Vasey]. Buckley tridens. Juniper-oak woodlands on rocky limestone slopes on the southern and eastern Edwards Plateau and Lampasas Cutplain. Bandera*, Bexar, Comal*, Hays*, Kendall*, Kinney, Lampasas*, Medina, Real, San Saba, Travis* and Uvalde counties. Ref.: Gould, 1975; Silveus, 1933*.

Tridens congestus (L. H. Dewey) Nash [Triodia congesta L. H. Dewey]. Pink tridens. Blackland and coastal prairies, often in disturbed or early-successional sites. Aransas*, Bastrop*, Bexar*, Calhoun*, Dallas*, DeWitt*, Goliad*, Grayson (Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999), Kleberg*, Leon*, Navarro*, Nueces*, San Patricio*, Tarrant* and Travis* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Gould, 1975*; Silveus, 1933*.

Vaseyochloa multinervosa Hitchcock. Texasgrass. Grasslands and woodland margins on deep sandy soils of coastal South Texas and the post oak belt on Eocene sands. Aransas, Brooks, Kenedy, Kleberg, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio, Uvalde and Willacy counties (TAES, 1998; TEX-LL, 1997). Ref.: Hitchcock, 1950*; Lonard, 1993*; Silveus, 1933*.

Willkommia texana Hackel var. texana. Texas willkommia. Mostly in sparsely vegetated shortgrass patches within taller prairies on alkaline or saline soils on the Coastal Plain of southeast and south Texas. Brazoria, Bee, Calhoun, Cameron, Harris, Kenedy, Kleberg, Refugio and San Patricio counties (Hill, 1982b; TEX-LL, 1997; US); the type specimen is from Ellis County. Plants of the Paraná Basin of northern Argentina (Hill, 1982b) are presumably all var. stolonifera. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Gould, 1975*; Hill, 1982; Silveus, 1933*.

Zizania texana Hitchcock. Texas wild-rice. Known only from a short segment of the San Marcos River in Hays County, Texas. Ref.: Gould, 1975*; Poole & Riskind, 1977*; Silveus, 1933*.

Potamogetonaceae Pondweed Family

Potamogeton clystocarpus Fern. Little Aguja pondweed. Submersed aquatic known only from quiet seepage pools in Little Aguja Creek in the Davis Mountains of Jeff Davis County. Ref.: Correll & Correll, 1975*; Fernald, 1932; Haynes, 1974; Poole & Riskind, 1977*; Rowell, 1983.

Smilacaceae Greenbriar Family

Smilax renifolia Small. Kidneyleaf greenbriar. A poorly understood species thought to be endemic to canyon woodlands of the Edwards Plateau. Kartesz (1994) and Jones, Wipff & Montgomery (1997) continue to recognize this taxon; others, such as Walter Holmes (who annotated all material at TEX-LL to Smilax bona-nox), do not.

Dicots

Acanthaceae Acanthus Family

Justicia wrightii Gray. Wright's justicia. Desert grasslands on limestone substrates. Brewster, Pecos and Val Verde counties. Ref.: Wasshausen, 1966.

Ruellia drummondiana Gray. [Submerged, perhaps through clerical error, in Ruellia davisiorum Tharp & Barkley by Hatch et al. (1990); still recognized by most authorities.] Drummond's ruellia. Wooded mesic limestone canyons, creekbanks and river terraces, mostly on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Bell*, Bexar*, Bosque, Comal*, Dallas, Gillespie, Gonzales*, Guadalupe*, Hays*, Kerr*, Llano*, McLennan*, Travis*, Uvalde*, Williamson* and counties (Turner, 1991); also Hamilton (Diggs et al., 1999) and Zapata (source?). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Long, 1966*; Tharp & Barkley, 1949; Wasshausen, 1966.

Aizoaceae

Sesuvium trianthemoides Correll. Texas sea-purslane; roughseed sea-purslane. Known only from the type collection taken in 1947 from "dunes" at an unspecified location in Kenedy County (Correll, 1966). Ref.: Correll, 1966b; Correll & Correll, 1975*.

Amaranthaceae

Froelichia latifolia R. A. McCauley. Broadleaf snake-cotton. Sandhills and post oak woodlands on sandy substrates. Anderson, Aransas, Bastrop, Bexar, Dewitt, Guadalupe, Kenedy, Kleberg, Leon, Montgomery and Nueces counties (McCauley, 2004).

Apiaceae Carrot Family

Daucosma laciniatum Gray. Meadow daucosma. Clayey to loamy soils in partial shade along margins of juniper-oak woodlands, occasionally in full sun in grassland openings and on rocky limestone slopes but usually not in severely dry areas; sometimes abundant among flood detritus at high water line along reservoirs. Apparently restricted to the Edwards Plateau. Bandera, Bell, Bexar, Blanco*, Comal*, Gillespie*, Hays*, Kendall*, Kerr*, Medina*, Real*, Travis*, Uvalde* and Val Verde [source?] counties. A report from Wilson County [source?] is anomalous. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Mathias & Constance, 1951*.

Eurytaenia hinckleyi Math. & Const. Hinckley spreadwing. Loose sand of partially stabilized dunes and blowouts. Andrews, Crane, Reeves, Ward* and Winkler* counties. Ref.: Mathias & Constance, 1951*; Warnock, 1974*.

Tauschia texana Gray. Texas tauschia. Loamy soils in deciduous forests or woodlands on river and stream terraces. Austin, Brazoria, Caldwell, DeWitt, Fort Bend, Goliad, Gonzales, Grimes, Harris, Lavaca, Victoria and Wharton counties (Mathias & Constance, 1951; TEX-LL, 1998). Ref.: Correll & Correll, 1975*; Mathias & Constance, 1951*.

Asclepiadaceae Milkweed family

Asclepias linearis Scheele. Slim milkweed. Grasslands on sandy soils, from South Texas Plains north to Dallas County. Bastrop*, Brazoria*, Calhoun*, Cameron*, Galveston*, Hidalgo*, Jackson*, Jefferson*, Matagorda, McMullen*, Nueces*, San Patricio* and Victoria* counties (TEX-LL, 2002); also Dallas, La Salle and Milam counties (Woodson, 1954). Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*; Rickett, 1970*; Woodson, 1954*.

Matelea atrostellata Rintz. Black-corona milkvine. Known only from the Chisos Mountains of Brewster County. Ref: Rintz, 2007*.

Matelea brevicoronata (B. L. Robinson) Woodson. Shortcrown milkvine. Grasslands on sandy substrates, mostly on the South Texas Sand Sheet. Brooks, Duval, Hidalgo*, Kenedy*, Starr*, Webb and Zapata counties. Ref.: Shinners, 1964.

Matelea edwardsensis Correll. Plateau milkvine. Mesic to fairly dry juniper-oak woodlands on the Edwards Plateau and adjacent Lampasas Cutplain. Bandera*, Bexar*, Bell*, Bosque, Comal*, Dallas, Edwards*, Kendall*, Medina*, Real, San Saba* and Travis* counties. Ref.: Correll, 1965; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Rowell, 1983b.

Matelea parviflora (Torr.) Woodson. Smallflower milkvine. Mostly in grasslands on sandy soils of the South Texas Sand Sheet, but ranging northward on Eocene sands. Atascosa*, Brooks*, Dimmit*, Duval*, Frio*, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg*, Jim Wells, Karnes*, Kleberg*, La Salle*, Live Oak* and Webb* counties. A record from Brewster County (limestone crevice of Mesa de Anguila, 14 Mar 1986, J. Garcia 12899, TEX-LL) is anomalous. Ref.: Shinners, 1964.

Matelea radiata Correll. Falfurrias milkvine. Brooks and Hidalgo counties. Until recently, known only from the type collection (Brooks Co.: Falfurrias, 24 Jun 1909, F. L. Lewton 828); a 1942 Runyon specimen from Hidalgo County was recently annotated to this species. Neither specimen is accompanied by information about habitat. Ref.: Correll, 1965.

Matelea texensis Correll. Texas milkvine. Desert grasslands and shrublands on igneous substrates, at elevations between 4000 and 5000 feet. Brewster County. Ref.: Correll, 1966; Hanks & Powell, 1983a.

Asteraceae Sunflower Family

Arida mattturneri B. L. Turner & G. Nesom. Matt Turner's aster. Known only from gypsum walls of Blumberg Canyon north-northwest of Ruidosa, Presidio County (Turner & Nesom, 2003).

Aster eulae Shinners [Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) Nesom]. Whitehouse's aster. Riparian woodlands in the eastern half of Texas. Apparently not recognized by Turner at TEX-LL; what IS the current taxonomic status of this thing? Ref: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*.

Astranthium robustum (Shinners) DeJong. Robust western-daisy. A variety of open arid habitats at lower elevations in the Chihuahuan Desert. Brewster*, Jeff Davis*, Pecos, Presidio* and Reeves counties. Ref.: DeJong, 1965.

Bahia bigelovii Gray. Bigelow's bahia. Mostly on igneous substrates in canyons in mountains of Trans-Pecos. Brewster*, Jeff Davis* and Presidio* counties. Ref.: Warnock, 1977a*.

Brickellia hinckleyi Standl. var. hinckleyi [Brickellia brachyphylla (Gray) Gray var. hinckleyi (Standl.) Flyr]. Hinckley's brickellbush. Rocky soils in higher elevation mountain canyons of Brewster and Jeff Davis counties. Ref.: Flyr, 1968; Standley, 1940.

Brickellia hinckleyi Standl. var. terlinguensis (Flyr) B. L. Turner [Brickellia brachyphylla (Gray) Gray var. terlinguensis Flyr]. Terlingua brickellbush. Brewster and Hudspeth counties. Collected from various situations in Chihuahuan Desert: from slopes in the Chisos and Eagle Mountains and from a creek bottom near Terlingua. Ref.: Flyr, 1968.

Brickellia dentata (DC.) Sch. Bip. Gravelbar brickellbush. Essentially restricted to frequently scoured gravelly alluvial beds in creek and river bottoms. Bexar, Blanco, Comal*, Edwards*, Hays*, Kimble*, Real, Travis*, Uvalde*, Val Verde and Williamson counties. A specimen attributed to Trinity County (TEX-LL) is probably erroneous as to location. Ref.: Mahler, 1981j.

Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. gracillima (Gray) Turner [Kuhnia leptophylla Scheele; Brickellia leptophylla (Scheele) Shinners]. Narrowleaf brickellbush. Moist to dry gravelly alluvial soils along riverbanks on the Edwards Plateau; also on limestone slopes (Correll & Johnston, 1970). Bexar, Blanco, Comal*, Edwards*, Gillespie, Kerr*, Kimble*, Kinney, Travis*, Uvalde*, Val Verde and Zavala counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*; Turner, 1989a.

Chaetopappa bellidifolia (Gray & Engelm.) Shinners. Hairy least-daisy. One of the most common Edwards Plateau endemics, occurring in shallow calcareous soils in cattle pastures and other open situations with little competing vegetation, sometimes on ridgetops where underlying limestone bedrock is exposed; also present, if less common, in juniper-oak woodlands on slopes. Bandera, Bexar, Blanco, Caldwell, Comal, Edwards, Hays, Gillespie, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Mason, McLennan, Real, Sutton, Travis, Uvalde and Val Verde counties. Ref.: Enquist, 1987a*; Shinners, 1946.

Chaetopappa effusa (Gray) Shinners. Spreading least-daisy. Loamy soils in shade of oak-juniper woodlands on mesic rocky slopes or in limestone canyons in the southern Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Bexar*, Blanco, Comal*, Edwards, Gillespie, Hays, Kendall*, Kerr*, Medina*, Real* and Uvalde* counties; a specimen from Travis County (TEX-LL) is probably erroneous as to location. Ref.: Shinners, 1946.

Chaetopappa imberbis (Gray) Nesom [Chaetopappa asteroides (Nutt.) DC. var. imberbis Gray]. Bristleless least-daisy. Early successional openings in post oak and live oak woodlands on deep sands of the Carrizo and other Eocene formations as well as Pleistocene strata along the Gulf coast. Atascosa, Aransas, Bexar, Caldwell, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Kenedy, Nueces and Wilson counties (Nesom, 1988). Ref.: Nesom, 1988.

Chaptalia texana Greene [Chaptalia nutans (L.) Polák. var. texana (Greene) Burkhart]. Nodding lettuce. Woodlands and shrublands on rocky slopes, mostly on limestone, mostly on the Edwards Plateau but also in the South Texas Plains and Trans-Pecos. Bandera*, Bastrop*, Bee*, Brewster*, Comal*, Edwards*, Goliad*, Guadalupe*, Karnes*, Kerr*, Kinney*, Medina*, Nueces*, Real*, Terrell*, Travis*, Uvalde* and Val Verde* counties. According to Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon (1999), this species is endemic to Texas. [Isn't it in Mexico?] Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987*.

Chrysopsis texana G. L. Nesom [Bradburia hirtella T. & G.]. Mauchia. Disturbed or otherwise open sandy areas mostly in the post oak belt of eastern Texas. Bastrop*, Brazos*, Burleson*, Cass*, Chambers*, DeWitt*, Fayette*, Gonzales*, Grimes*, Hays*, Houston*, Jasper*, Lee*, Travis*, Trinity*, Walker* and Washington* counties (TEX-LL, 1999); a map in Semple & Chinnappa suggests records from Colorado and Polk counties. Occurs as rare waif in Louisiana (Gandhi & Thomas, 1989). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Semple & Chinnappa, 1984*.

Coreopsis nuecensis Heller. Crown coreopsis. Open areas on sandy substrates. Atascosa*, Bastrop*, Bee*, Bexar, Brazos*, Brooks, Burleson, Caldwell*, DeWitt*, Dimmit*, Frio*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe, Jim Wells*, Karnes*, La Salle*, San Patricio* and Wilson* counties. Specimens from Burleson, Edwards, Goliad, Hidalgo, Kenedy, Kleberg, Medina, Robertson, Uvalde, Victoria and Willacy counties at TAES need to be examined in light of the relatively recent segregation of Coreopsis nuecensoides as a distinct species. Ref.: Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*; Smith, 1974*; Smith, 1976*.

Coreopsis nuecensoides E. B. Smith. False crown coreopsis. Open areas on sandy substrates. Atascosa*, Austin*, Brooks*, Calhoun*, Colorado*, DeWitt, Duval*, Fayette, Goliad*, Gonzales*, Harris*, Hidalgo*, Jackson*, Jim Hogg*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Lavaca*, Liberty*, Matagorda*, Milam*, Nueces*, Victoria*, Wharton* and Willacy* counties. Ref.: Smith, 1974*; Smith, 1976*.

Dyssodia tenuiloba (DC.) Robins. var. wrightii (Gray) Strother [Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small var. wrightii (Gray) Strother]. Tiny Chuck. Locally common in disturbed areas within grasslands on the coastal plain of South Texas, ranging northward as far as Bastrop County. Aransas*, Bastrop, Bee*, Calhoun*, DeWitt*, Goliad*, Gonzalez*, Karnes*, Lavaca*, Refugio*, San Patricio* and Wilson* counties. Ref.: Strother, 1967; Strother, 1987.

Dyssodia tephroleuca Blake [Thymophylla tephroleuca (Blake) Strother]. Ashy dogweed. Early successional openings in shrublands on sandy substrates mostly over the Laredo Formation (U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 1987). Starr, Webb and Zapata counties. Ref.: Blake, 1935; Crank, 1992; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; Strother, 1967; Strother, 1987; Turner, 1980.

Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.) Rock. var. winkleri (Cory) Turner [Gaillardia lutea Greene var. winkleri Cory]. Winkler's gaillardia. Deep loose well drained sands in openings in pine-oak woodlands and along unshaded margins. Apparently restricted to the Village Creek watershed of Hardin County. Ref.: Ajilvsgi, 1979*; Cory, 1946; Loughmiller & Loughmiller, 1984*; Turner, 1979.

Grindelia oolepis Blake. Plains gumweed. Early successional patches in coastal prairie on heavy clay soils, sometimes in disturbed habitats along railroads and vacant lots in urban areas (Mahler, 1981); collected by Robert Runyon from "crawfish lands" in Cameron County in 1923. Bee*, Cameron*, Jim Wells, Nueces*, Refugio and San Patricio* counties. Ref.: Blake, 1928; Mahler, 1980e; Mahler, 1981a; Steyermark, 1934*.

Gutierrezia amoena (Shinners) Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon [Amphiachyris amoena (Shinners) Solbrig; Xanthocephalum amoenum Shinners]. Shinners' broomweed. A weed of overgrazed pastures and disturbed sites on clayey calcareous soils of the Edwards Plateau and Lampasas Cutplain. Bell, Bosque, Brown, Burnet, Comal, Comanche, Crockett, Denton, Erath, Hays, Hood, Johnson, Lampasas, Parker, Tom Green and Travis counties (TEX-LL, 1999; Shinners, 1951a). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Lane, 1979; Lane 1982; Shinners, 1951a.

Helenium linifolium Rydb. Slimleaf sneezeweed. Open areas on various soils South Texas Plains. Atascosa*, Brooks*, Cameron*, Dimmit*, Duval*, Frio*, Hidalgo*, Jim Wells*, Kleberg*, La Salle*, Maverick*, Webb*, Willacy*, Zapata* and Zavala counties. Ref.: Bierner, 1972.

Helianthus debilis Nutt. subsp. silvestris Heiser. Sandhill sunflower. Mostly on relatively xeric sandhills, occasionally in disturbed sites, in the Post Oak Belt and Pineywoods. Anderson*, Brazos*, Burleson*, Cherokee*, Freestone, Grimes, Hardin*, Henderson*, Houston*, Leon*, Liberty*, Limestone*, Madison, Milam*, Montgomery*, Nacogdoches*, Newton*, Robertson*, Rusk*, San Augustine*, Shelby*, Smith*, Upshur*, Washington and Wood* counties (Heiser, 1956; TEX-LL, 2002). Probably in western Louisiana. Ref.: Heiser, 1956; Heiser, 1969.

Helianthus praecox Engelm. & Gray subsp. hirtus (Heiser) Heiser [Helianthus debilis Nutt. subsp. hirtus Heiser]. Dimmit sunflower. Known only from Dimmit County, occurring in local abundance on well drained sandy soils in open shrublands. Ref.: Heiser, 1969.

Helianthus praecox Engelm. & Gray subsp. praecox [Helianthus debilis Nutt. subsp. praecox (Engelm. & Gray) Heiser]. Galveston sunflower. Sandy open areas along the upper Texas coast. Brazoria*, Chambers, Galveston* and Jefferson counties (Heiser, 1956; TEX-LL, 2002). Ref.: Heiser, 1956; Heiser, 1969.

Helianthus praecox Engelm. & Gray subsp. runyonii (Heiser) Heiser [Helianthus debilis Nutt. subsp. runyonii Heiser]. Runyon’s sunflower. Grasslands and woodland margins on deep sands. primarily on barrier islands and the South Texas Sand Sheet. Aransas, Atascosa*, Bee, Brooks*, Cameron, Duval*, Hidalgo*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Nueces, San Patricio, Starr*, Webb*, Willacy* and Zapata* counties (Heiser, 1956; TEX-LL, 2002). Ref.: Heiser, 1956; Heiser, 1969.

Hymenopappus artemisiifolius DC. var. riograndensis B. L. Turner. Rio Grande woollywhite. Sandy open areas in Bee, Brooks, Goliad, Hidalgo, Kenedy, Kleberg, Victoria and Willacy counties.

Hymenopappus carrizoanus B. L. Turner. Sandhill woollywhite. Disturbed or open areas in grasslands and post oak woodlands on deep sands derived from the Carrizo and similar Eocene formations. Anderson*, Atascosa*, Bastrop*, Bexar*, Caldwell*, Frio*, Guadalupe*, Leon*, Medina* and Robertson counties. Ref.: Turner, 1989b.

Hymenoxys texana (Coult. & Rose) Cockerell. Texas prairie-dawn. Restricted to sparsely vegetated areas on slightly saline soils that are sticky when wet but powdery when dry, often at the base of mima (pimple) mounds in open grasslands. Fort Bend and Harris counties; a 19th century specimen from La Salle County is probably erroneous as to location. Ref.: Bridges, 1988; Mahler, 1982d*; Mahler, 1983*; Mahler, 1993; Poole & Riskind, 1987*.

Iva corbinii B. L. Turner. Corbin’s sumpweed. Recently described from gravel bars in Colorado River on east side of Austin, Travis County. Ref: Turner, 2009.

Laennecia turnerorum Nesom. Turner’s laennecia. Brewster County, where it has been found among desert grasses in silty soil derived from limestone. Ref.: Nesom, 2001.

Liatris bracteata Gaiser. Coastal gayfeather. Coastal prairies on a variety of loamy substrates. Aransas, Brazoria, Colorado, Galveston, Harris, Live Oak, Matagorda, Refugio, San Patricio and Waller counties. Ref: Tveten and Tveten, 1993*.

Liatris cymosa (H. Ness) K. Schum. [Laciniaria cymosa H. Ness]. Branched gayfeather. Somewhat barren grassland openings in post oak woodlands on tight clay, chalky, or gravelly soils. Brazoria, Burleson, Lee, San Jacinto, Walker and Washington counties. Ref.: Ness, 1899*.

Liatris elegans Michx. var. bridgesii Mayfield. Bridges’ gayfeather. Primarily in post oak woodlands on sandy substrates. Anderson, Bastrop, Freestone, Grimes, Hardin, Henderson, Houston, Lee, Leon, Limestone, Nacogdoches, Robertson, San Augustine, Shelby, Van Zandt, Walker, Williamson, and Wood counties (Mayfield, 2002).

Liatris elegans Michx. var. carrizana L. O. Gaiser. Carrizo gayfeather, blue blazingstar. Sandhills and margins of post oak woodlands on sandy substrates. Aransas, Atascosa, Bastrop, Bexar, Bexar, Caldwell, Calhoun, Dewitt, Fayette, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Kenedy, Kleberg, Medina, Nueces, Victoria, and Wilson counties.

Liatris glandulosa Nesom & O’Kennon. Glandular blazing-star. Limestone prairies and rock outcrops in Bosque, Dallas, McLennan, and Travis counties (Nesom & O’Kennon, 2002).

Packera texensis R. J. O'Kennon & D. K. Trock. Llano butterweed, llano groundsel. Known from Gillespie, Llano and Mason counties in the Llano Uplift area; evidently disjunct in Callahan County on the Rolling Plains. Most sites are open to partially shaded sites on soils derived from granite, gneiss or other igneous or metamorphic rocks (Trock & O'Kennon, 2003); collections from the Rolling Plains are from sandy soils of other derivation.

Palafoxia hookeriana T. & G. [including var. minor Shinners]. Showy palafoxia, Hooker's palafoxia. Margins of woodlands on deep sands from the Pineywoods west through the post oak belts and south to the South Texas Sand Sheet. Aransas*, Atascosa*, Austin, Bastrop*, Brooks*, Burleson*, Caldwell*, Colorado*, Freestone*, Goliad, Gonzales*, Grimes*, Harris*, Henderson*, Hidalgo, Houston*, Jackson*, Jim Hogg*, Kenedy*, Lavaca*, Lee*, Leon*, Liberty*, Limestone*, Medina, Milam*, Montgomery*, Nueces*, Robertson*, San Jacinto (Peterson & Brown, 1983), San Patricio*, Starr*, Victoria*, Washington* and Wilson* counties. Ref.: Ajilvsgi, 1979*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Rickett, 1970*; Turner & Morris, 1976*.

Palafoxia reverchonii (Bush) Cory. Reverchon's palafoxia. Openings in and margins of post oak or pine woodlands. Anderson*, Hardin*, Henderson*, Houston*, Leon*, Limestone, Nacogdoches*, Montgomery, Polk, Robertson*, Trinity and Upshur* counties. Ref.: Ajilvsgi, 1979*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Turner & Morris, 1976*.

Pectis angustifolia Torr. var. fastigiata (A. Gray) D. J. Keil. Crownseed pectis. In pockets of extremely shallow soils on upland limestone exposures of the eastern and southern Edwards Plateau. Bell*, Bosque*, Edwards*, Howard*, Kerr*, Sutton*, Travis* and Williamson* counties. Ref.: Keil, 1977*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*.

Perityle angustifolia (Gray) Shinners [Laphamia angustifolia Gray]. Rayless rockdaisy. Fairly inaccessible crevices in dry limestone cliff faces on the Stockton and western Edwards plateaus. Crockett*, Pecos*, Terrell* and Val Verde* counties. Almost certainly in adjacent Mexico. Ref.: Powell, 1973.

Perityle bisetosa (Gray) Shinners var. scalaris Powell. Stairstep two-bristle daisy. Crevices in limestone bluffs and other limestone exposures. Brewster County. Ref.: Powell, 1967*; Powell, 1973; Warnock, 1977a*.

Perityle cinerea (Gray) Powell. Grayleaf rockdaisy. Crevices in dry limestone caprock of mesas in extreme western Edwards Plateau (i.e., Stockton Plateau) and eastern Trans-Pecos. Brewster*, Pecos*, Reeves, Terrell and Upton* counties. Ref.: Hanks & Powell, 1983b; Powell, 1969*.

Perityle fosteri Powell. Foster's rockdaisy. Rock faces on limestone boulders and bluffs in deep protected canyons. Known only from Culberson County. Ref.: Powell, 1983*.

Perityle huecoensis Powell. Hueco rockdaisy. Dry limestone rock outcrops in the Hueco Mountains of El Paso County. Ref.: Powell, 1983*; Worthington, 1989.

Perityle rupestris (Gray) Shinners var. albiflora Powell. Whiteflower rockdaisy. Rock outcrops in mountains of the Trans-Pecos. Brewster*, Jeff Davis* and Presidio* counties. Ref.: Powell, 1969.

Perityle rupestris (Gray) Shinners var. rupestris. Leafy rockdaisy. Rock outcrops in mountains of the Trans-Pecos. Culberson, Jeff Davis* and Presidio counties. Ref.: Powell, 1969*.

Perityle vitreomontana Warnock. Glass Mountain rockdaisy. Crevices in limestone exposures on cliffs and rock outcrops. Glass and Chisos Mountains of Brewster County. Ref.: Powell, 1969; Warnock, 1977b*.

Perityle warnockii Powell. Warnock's rockdaisy. Crevices in steep dry limestone bluffs. Val Verde County. Ref.: Powell, 1967*.

Prenanthes carrii Singhurst, O'Kennon, & Holmes. Canyon rattlesnake-root. Restricted to mesic forested canyons of the southern Edwards Plateau, with records from Bandera, Gillespie, Kerr and Real counties (Singhurst, O'Kennon, & Holmes, 2004).

Pseudoclappia watsonii Powell & Turner. Watson's pseudoclappia. Chihuahuan Desert shrublands on dry rocky gypseous clay hills. Brewster*, Hudspeth* and Jeff Davis or Presidio counties. Ref.: Powell & Turner, 1976*.

Psilactis heterocarpa (Hartman & Lane) Morgan [Machaeranthera heterocarpa Hartman & Lane]. Welder machaeranthera. Coastal prairie grasslands and open mesquite-huisache woodlands on mostly gray-colored clayey to silty soils over the Beaumont and Lissie Formations (Carr, 1995b). Karnes, Kleberg, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio and Victoria counties. Only recently recognized as distinct from Machaeranthera tenuis (S. Wats.) Turner & Horne, under which it is discussed in Correll & Johnston (1970) and Jones (1977). Ref.: Hartman & Lane, 1987*; Hartman, 1990; Morgan, 1993.

Rayjacksonia aurea (Gray) Hartman & Lane [Machaeranthera aurea (Gray) Shinners]. Houston machaeranthera, Houston daisy. Naturally barren or sparsely-vegetated slick spots or pimple mounds on coastal prairie, usually on loamy to sandy loam soils (Clodine, Gessner and Wockley series); occasionally in disturbed pastures and on roadsides in places where natural conditions are imitated (Mahler, 1980; Mahler, 1981; Mahler, 1983). Galveston and Harris counties. Ref.: Mahler, 1980f; Mahler, 1981a*; Mahler, 1983*; Mahler, 1993.

Senecio quaylei T. M. Barkley. Quayle's butterweed. Known only from the type location in Parker County, where it occurs in a weedy roadside ditch (Barkley, 2001).

Silphium albiflorum Gray. White rosinweed. Grasslands on shallow stony calcareous soils, sometimes on rather barren, xeric caliche outcrops and roadcuts, in northern parts of the Edwards Plateau and calcareous areas to the north. Bell, Bosque, Burnet, Coryell, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Erath, Hill, Hood, Johnson, Lampasas, Mason, McCulloch, McLennan, Menard*, Tarrant, Taylor, Travis*, Williamson and Wise counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*; Rickett, 1970*.

Tetragonatheca repanda (Buckl.) Small. Showy nerve-ray, sandhill box-flower. Woodland margins and open areas on deep sands on the coastal plain in South Texas. Aransas*, Atascosa*, Bexar*, Brooks*, Duval, Frio*, Kenedy*, Jim Hogg*, Jim Wells, Medina*, Nueces*, Refugio*, San Patricio*, Webb*, Willacy* and Zapata* counties. A specimen at TEX-LL with ambiguous locational information has been attributed to Goliad County. Ref.: Jones, 1977; Turner & Dawson, 1980.

Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hook.) E. Green var. arenicola Bierner. Sand Sheet bitterweed. Open areas on deep sands of the South Texas Sand Sheet. Brooks, Hidalgo, Jim Hogg* and Zapata counties (Bierner et al., 1992). Ref.: Bierner et al., 1992.

Thelesperma burridgeanum (Regel) Blake. Burridge greenthread. Sandy open areas on the South Texas Plains. Atascosa*, Bexar, Dimmit*, Frio*, Karnes*, La Salle*, Medina*, Wilson* and Zavala* counties. A specimen from Wilson County (Sullivan & Turner 2) has been misattributed to Terrell County on the Flora of Texas herbarium specimen browser. Ref.: Ajilvsgi, 1984*.

Thelesperma nuecense B. L. Turner. Coastal Bend greenthread. Grasslands and margins of oak mottes on sandy soils of the South Texas Sand Sheet and barrier islands. Aransas*, Brooks*, Duval*, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Live Oak, Nueces*, San Patricio* and Willacy* counties. A specimen from Kenedy Co. (10 mi S of Sarita, S. F. Blake 12599, TEX-LL) has been misattributed to Cameron Co.

Thurovia triflora Rose [Gutierrezia triflora (Rose) M. A. Lane]. Threeflower broomweed. Sparsely vegetated slick spots in coastal salty prairies and along drier upper margins of ecotone between salty prairies and tidal flats. Aransas*, Brazoria*, Calhoun*, Galveston, Harris*, Jackson*, Matagorda*, Refugio*, San Patricio and Waller* counties. Ref.: Lane, 1980; Lane, 1985; Ruffin, 1974*; Suh & Simpson, 1990.

Verbesina lindheimeri Robins. & Greenm. Lindheimer's crownbeard. Calcareous clayey and loamy soils in juniper-oak woodlands on rocky limestone slopes on the Edwards Plateau; apparently unpalatable, often common in woodlands from which other herbaceous plants have been removed by browsing. Bandera*, Bell*, Blanco*, Burnet (Diggs et al., 1999), Coryell (Diggs et al., 1999), Edwards*, Hays*, Kendall, Kerr*, Medina, Travis* and Uvalde counties; a specimen from Jackson County (26 Nov 1939, B. C. Tharp s.n., TEX-LL) is either erroneous as to location or represents a disjunct population. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*.

Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. austrotexanum B. L. Turner. [Haplopappus texensis R. C. Jackson; Machaeranthera texensis (R. C. Jackson) Shinners]. South Texas goldenaster. Various soils in Brooks, Hidalgo, Jim Wells and Kleberg counties. Ref.: Turner, 2007; Nesom & Turner, 2007.

Xanthisma texanum DC. var. texanum. Texas sleepy-daisy. Disturbed or otherwise open sandy areas, mostly at the southern tip of the Post Oak Belt and northern edge of the South Texas Plains. Atascosa*, Bexar*, Dimmit*, Frio*, La Salle*, Medina*, Webb*, Wilson* and Zavala* counties; seemingly disjunct in the Rolling Plains (Childress* and Hall* counties).

Berberidaceae Barberry Family

Mahonia swaseyi (Buckl.) Fedde [Berberis swaseyi Buckl.]. Texas barberry. Shallow calcareous stony clay of upland grasslands/shrublands over limestone as well as loamier soils of openly wooded canyons and creek terraces; essentially restricted to the Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Blanco*, Comal, Hays*, Kerr*, Real* and Travis* counties; one report from Bailey County in the Panhandle (Rowell, 1967). A specimen from Real County (Prade Ranch, E. J. Palmer 31763, TEX-LL) has been misattributed to Frio County. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*; Durand, 1973; Enquist, 1987a*; Lynch, 1981*; Rowell, 1967; Vines, 1960*.

Boraginaceae Borage Family

Cryptantha crassipes I. M. Johnst. Terlingua Creek cats-eye. Sparsely vegetated xeric gypseous clay or chalky shales on low rounded hills and gentle slopes. Known only from Brewster County. Ref.: Higgins, 1971; Johnston, 1964; Poole, 1989c; Poole & Riskind, 1987*.

Cryptantha texana (A. DC.) Greene. Texas hiddenflower. Loose, well drained sandy or sandy-gravelly soils in full sun, in early successional communities or in recently disturbed areas where competition from taller perennial grasses and forbs is minimal; South Texas Plains north to the Central Mineral Basin and Lampasas Cutplain. Atascosa*, Austin*, Bastrop*, Bexar*, Brooks*, Burnet*, DeWitt*, Duval*, Gillespie*, Goliad*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe*, Hays*, Jim Hogg*, Jim Wells, Karnes*, Llano*, Mason*, Medina*, Refugio, Robertson*, Runnels*, San Patricio*, Somervell*, Starr*, Travis*, Willacy* and Wilson* counties; Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Johnston, 1964.

Onosmodium helleri Small. Heller's marbleseed. Loamy calcareous soils in oak-juniper woodlands on rocky limestone slopes, often in the more mesic portions of canyons; only on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera, Bexar*, Burnet, Comal*, Hays, Kendall*, Kerr, Travis*, Uvalde and Williamson counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Mackenzie, 1905; Mahler, 1981i; Turner, 1995a.

Brassicaceae Mustard Family

Arabis petiolaris Gray. Brazos rockcress. Wide-ranging and in countless habitats, on the Edwards Plateau, Lampasas Cutplain, Llano Uplift, northern part of the South Texas Plains and western portions of the Coastal Plain. Bastrop*, Bell (Diggs et al., 1999), Bexar*, Burnet*, Coleman (Diggs et al., 1999), Comal*, Dallas, Gillespie*, Guadalupe*, Hays*, Kinney*, Live Oak, Llano*, McLennan (Diggs et al., 1999), Medina*, San Saba*, Travis*, Uvalde*, Val Verde, Wilson* and Young (Mahler, 1988) counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Hill, 1981.

Leavenworthia aurea Torr. var. texana (Mahler) Rollins [Leavenworthia texana Mahler]. Texas gladecress. Restricted to early-successional herbaceous communities in shallow calcareous soils in vernally wet glades on Weches Formation ironstone outcrops. Sabine and San Augustine counties; experimentally introduced in Nacogdoches County. Ref.: George & Nixon, 1990; Mahler, 1981a*; Mahler, 1987; Mahler, 1993.

Paysonia grandiflora (Hook.) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz. Lesquerella grandiflora (Hook.) Wats. Bigflower bladderpod. Grasslands and open areas on loose sandy soils, from the South Texas Sand Sheet and other coastal sands, throughout the southern post oak belt on Eocene strata and into the Llano Uplift (Central Mineral Basin). Atascosa*, Austin*, Bastrop*, Bexar*, Borden*, Brooks*, Burleson*, Burnet*, Caldwell*, DeWitt*, Dimmit*, Duval*, Fayette, Fort Bend*, Frio*, Goliad*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe*, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg*, Karnes*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Lee*, Llano*, Mason*, Medina*, Nueces*, San Patricio*, Starr*, Travis*, Victoria*, Webb*, Willacy* and Wilson* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Hill, 1982b; Jones, 1977*; Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*; Rollins & Shaw, 1973.

Physaria densiflora (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz. Lesquerella densiflora (Gray) Wats. Denseflower bladderpod. Neutral to calcareous usually somewhat sandy soils over igneous and metamorphic substrates as well as limestone and alluvium, in full sun in portions of grasslands where cover by taller perennial grasses and forbs is minimal. Widespread: Andrews, Archer*, Blanco*, Brown, Burnet*, Callahan*, Cameron, Coke, Coleman*, Comanche, Concho*, DeWitt*, Eastland*, Fort Bend*, Gillespie*, Gonzales, Grimes, Hays, Hood, Jones*, Kerr*, Llano*, Mason*, McCulloch*, McLennan*, Palo Pinto*, San Saba*, Shackelford*, Somervell*, Taylor*, Travis*, Victoria, Washington and Wichita* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Rollins & Shaw, 1973*.

Physaria engelmannii (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz subsp. engelmannii. Lesquerella engelmannii (Gray) Wats. subsp. engelmannii. Engelmann's bladderpod. Shallow calcareous clayey soils in grasslands on rocky limestone uplands, mostly in a narrow band along the eastern edge of the Edwards Plateau, ranging as north as far as the Red River but not, according to Clark (1975), into Oklahoma. Bandera, Burnet, Caldwell, Collins, Cooke, Dallas, Ellis, Erath, Guadalupe, Hays, Lampasas, Montague, Parker, San Saba, Tarrant, Travis and Wise counties. Ref.: Clark, 1975; Enquist, 1987a*; Rickett, 1970*; Rollins & Shaw, 1973.

Physaria pallida (T. & G.) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz. Lesquerella pallida (T. & G.) Wats. White bladderpod. Seasonally wet, comparatively high pH sandy soils in natural openings or glades within pine-oak forests over ironstone/glauconite or the Weches Formation. Known only from San Augustine County. Ref.: George & Nixon, 1990; Mahler, 1985a; Mahler, 1993; Nixon et al., 1973*; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; Rollins, 1993.

Physaria recurvata (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz. Lesquerella recurvata (Gray) Wats. Plateau bladderpod. Usually in full sun in shallow calcareous clayey soils, often where underlying bedrock is exposed at the surface thus limiting cover by taller perennial herbs and woody plants; mostly on the Edwards Plateau and the Lampasas Cutplain. Bandera*, Bell*, Bexar*, Blanco, Bosque*, Burnet*, Caldwell, Comal*, Coryell, Edwards*, Ellis, Erath, Gillespie*, Grimes, Hamilton*, Hays*, Hill*, Hood, Johnson*, Kendall*, Kerr*, Kimble*, Kinney*, Llano*, McLennan*, Medina*, Menard*, Real*, Somervell, Sutton*, Tarrant, Travis*, Uvalde*, Val Verde*, Waller and Williamson* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Rollins & Shaw, 1973*; misidentified in Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*.

Physaria sessilis (Wats.) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz. Lesquerella sessilis (Wats.) Small. Sessile bladderpod. Shallow sandy to clayey soils in a variety of open situations with minimal competition from larger perennials, on the southern Edwards Plateau and adjacent South Texas Plains. Bandera*, Bexar*, Blanco*, Comal*, Crockett, Edwards*, Gillespie*, Hays, Kendall*, Kerr, Kimble, Live Oak*, Medina, Real*, Sutton* and Uvalde* counties. A Tharp specimen (29 Mar 1930, TEX-LL) reading "Victoria, Goliad" has been attributed to Victoria County. Ref.: Rollins & Shaw, 1973*.

Selenia grandis R. Martin. Large selenia. Seasonally wet clayey soils in open areas. Cameron*, Dimmit*, Hidalgo*, La Salle, McMullen* and Nueces* counties. Ref.: Martin, 1940; Rollins, 1993.

Selenia jonesii Cory [including var. obovata Rollins]. Jones' selenia. Moist clayey soils of swales and buffalo wallows on high prairies of the western Edwards Plateau. Crockett*, Dawson*, Dimmit, Glasscock*, Mitchell, Nolan, Reagan and Scurry counties. Ref.: Cory, 1931; Mahler, 1981b*; Mahler, 1981c*; Mahler, 1993; Martin, 1940; Rollins, 1993.

Stanleya pinnata Gray var. texana B. L. Turner. Texas golden prince’s plume. Restricted to sparsely vegetated gypsum or limestone outcrops in southern Brewster County. Ref: Turner, 2005.

Streptanthus bracteatus Gray. Bracted twistflower. Occurs in low numbers in a broad spectrum of habitats on limestone slopes supporting a mosaic of juniper-oak woodlands and grassland openings, most often on mesic woodland margins. Bandera, Bexar, Comal, Medina, Real, Travis and Uvalde counties; a record from Caldwell County has not been verified. Ref.: Damude & Poole, 1990c; Enquist, 1987a*.

Thelypodium texanum (Cory) Rollins. Texas thelypody. Gravelly creek bottoms, open rocky slopes, and other habitats at lower elevations in the Trans-Pecos. Brewster*, Culberson*, El Paso*, Hudspeth*, Jeff Davis* and Presidio* counties; surely in adjacent Mexico. Ref.: Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*; Warnock, 1970*.

Buddlejaceae Buddleja Family

Buddleja racemosa Torr. subsp. incana (Torr.) Norman [Buddleja racemosa Torr. var. incana Torr.]. Wand butterfly-bush. Pits or fractures in limestone exposed on canyon walls, cliff faces and steep rocky slopes, mostly on the southern part of the Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Bexar, Comal, Edwards*, Kerr*, Kinney*, Real*, Uvalde and Val Verde* counties. Ref.: Norman, 1966.

Buddleja racemosa Torr. subsp. racemosa. Wand butterfly-bush. Pits and fractures in limestone exposed on canyon walls, cliff faces and steep rocky slopes, mostly to the east of subsp. incana. Comal*, Hays*, Kendall and Travis* counties. Ref.: Lynch, 1981*; Norman, 1966; Schulz, 1922*; Vines, 1960*.

Cactaceae Cactus Family

Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haworth) Knuth var. argentea (Anthony) Backeberg [Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC. var. argentea Anthony]. Silver cholla; Big Bend cane cholla. Mesquite thickets and creosote flats on comparatively deep soils of desert bottomlands and washes (Benson, 1982) or rocky limestone soil (Heil et al., 1985). Brewster County. Ref.: Anderson, 2001*; Anthony, 1956; Benson, 1982.

Echinocereus chisoensis W. T. Marshall var. chisoensis [Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck) Haage f. var. chisoensis (W. T. Marshall) L. Benson]. Chisos hedgehog cactus; Chisos pitaya. Desert grasslands or open shrublands on unconsolidated gravelly fan and terrace deposits on desert flats and low hills at moderate elevations (2000-2500 feet) in the Chihuahuan Desert of Brewster County. Ref.: Anderson, 2001*; Heil & Anderson, 1982b; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; Weniger, 1984*.

Echinocereus chloranthus Engelm. var. neocapillus Weniger. Golden-spine hedgehog cactus; long-haired green-flowered pitaya. Sparsely vegetated desert grasslands over novaculite outcrops. Brewster and Presidio counties. Note: Anderson (2001) did not recognize this taxon, placing it tentatively in synonymy under Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. subsp. davisii (A. D. Houghton) N. Taylor. Ref.: Anderson, 2001; Benson, 1982*; Warnock, 1977a*; Weniger, 1984*.

Echinocereus milleri W. Blum, J. Kuenzler & T. Oldach. Miller’s green pitaya. Known only from Coke County, where plants were formerly identified as E. viridiflorus ssp. correllii. [WRC: need reference!]

Echinocereus papillosus Linke var. angusticeps (Clover) W. T. Marshall [Echinocereus berlandieri (Engelm.) Engelm. var. angusticeps (Clover) L. Benson; includes some plants treated by some authors as Echinocereus blanckii (Polseger) F. Palmer var. angusticeps (Clover) L. Benson. Not recognized at all by Anderson (2001).] Small yellow-flower alicoche. Grasslands and thorn shrublands on various substrates, usually in shallow reddish sandy loams over limestone or caliche. Hidalgo, Jim Hogg and Starr counties. Ref.: Weniger, 1984*.

Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck) Haage f. var. albertii L. Benson [Echinocereus melanocentrus Lowry]. Black lace cactus. Grasslands, thorn shrublands and mesquite woodlands on sandy, possibly somewhat saline soils, sometimes growing at ecotone between upland types and lower areas dominated by halophytes. Jim Wells, Kleberg and Refugio counties. Note that Taylor (1985) placed this taxon in synonymy under Echinocereus reichenbachii var. fitchii (Britt. & Rose) L. Benson; this view was followed by Anderson (2001). Ref.: Benson, 1982*; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; Weniger, 1979c; Weniger, 1984*.

Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. var. canus A. M. Powell & J. F. Weedin. Graybeard cactus. On novaculite, chert and rhyolite outcrops in southeastern Presidio County. Ref.: Powell & Weedin, 2004*.

Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. var. correllii L. Benson [Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. subsp. correllii (L. Benson) Blum & Lange]. Correll's green pitaya. Among grasses in rock crevices on low hills in desert or semi-desert grassland, occasionally on novaculite. Brewster, Coke and Pecos counties. Ref.: Benson, 1982.

Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. var. davisii (A. D. Houghton) W. T. Marshall [Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. subsp. davisii (A. D. Houghton) N. Taylor] Davis' green pitaya. Chihuahuan Desert scrub on novaculite outcrops, usually hidden in mats of Selaginella. Known only from Brewster County. Ref.: Anderson, 2001*; Benson, 1982; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; Warnock, 1977a*; Weniger, 1979d; Weniger, 1984*.

Escobaria guadalupensis Brack & Heil. Guadalupe Mountain cactus. Exposed slabs and fractured limestone rock on steep, mostly south-facing slopes, within open coniferous woodlands above 6500 ft. in the Guadalupe Mountains; often associated with Petrophytum cespitosum. Culberson County. Ref.: Heil & Brack, 1986*; Heil & Brack, undated.

Escobaria hesteri (Y. Wright) F. Buxbaum [Coryphantha hesteri Y. Wright; Mammillaria hesteri (Y. Wright) Weniger]. Hester's corycactus. Grasslands on dry gravelly limestone hills and alluvial fans at ca. 4000-5000 feet; often on novaculite. Brewster, Pecos and Terrell counties. Ref.: Anderson, 2001*; Benson, 1982*; Heil & Anderson, 1982a; Weniger, 1984*.

Escobaria minima (Baird) D. Hunt [Coryphantha minima Baird; Coryphantha nelliae Croizat; Escobaria nelliae (Croizat) Backeberg] Nellie corycactus. Chihuahuan Desert scrub on novaculite outcrops. Known only from Brewster County. Ref.: Benson, 1982*; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; Weniger, 1979b; Weniger, 1984*.

Opuntia aureispina (Brack & Heil) Pinkava & Parfitt [Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. var. aureispina Brack & Heil]. Golden-spined pricklypear. Desert scrub on fractured Boquillas Limestone at about 1900 feet. Brewster County. Ref.: Anderson, 2001*; Heil & Brack, 1988; Pinkava & Parfitt, 1988.

Sclerocactus brevihamatus (Engelm.) Hunt subsp. tobuschii (W. T. Marshall) N. Taylor [Ancistrocactus tobuschii W. T. Marshall; Echinocactus tobuschii (W. T. Marshall) Weniger]. Tobusch fishhook cactus. Low-stature grasslands or woodland openings on very shallow stony clay soils over flaggy limestone, usually on ridgetops but occasionally on valley flats. Bandera, Edwards, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Real, Uvalde and Val Verde counties. Ref.: Anderson, 2001*; Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; Weniger, 1979a; Weniger, 1984*.

Campanulaceae Bellflower Family

Campanula reverchonii Gray. Basin bellflower. Shallow, well drained, sandy to gravelly soils derived from igneous (and perhaps metamorphic) rocks, often in cracks on exposed granite domes; essentially restricted to the Llano Uplift. Burnet, Gillespie, Llano and Mason counties. Historically from Kendall and Travis counties on the Edwards Plateau, where perhaps it occurs on alluvial sand. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*; Enquist, 1987a*; Mahler, 1981l; Mahler, 1993; McVaugh, 1951; Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*; Walters & Wyatt, 1982.

Triodanis texana McVaugh. Texas Venus' looking-glass. Sandy soils in open areas throughout much of the eastern half of Texas. Aransas*, Bastrop*, Bexar*, Burleson, Caldwell*, Dallas, Denton, Erath*, Fayette, Freestone*, Frio, Gillespie*, Gonzales*, Hardin, Leon*, Medina*, Milam*, Travis, Van Zandt and Washington* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; McVaugh, 1951.

Capparidaceae Caper Family

Polanisia erosa (Nutt.) Iltis subsp. breviglandulosa Iltis. South Texas yellow clammyweed. Grasslands and early-successional open areas on deep loose sands of the South Texas Sand Sheet and Coastal Bend areas. Aransas*, Brooks*, Goliad*, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg*, Kenedy*, Kleberg, Nueces, San Patricio*, Starr*, Willacy* and Zapata* counties. Ref.: Iltis, 1958.

Caryophyllaceae Pink Family

Arenaria livermorensis Correll. Livermore sandwort. Known only from igneous rock outcrops at high elevations in the Davis Mountains of Jeff Davis County. Ref.: Correll, 1966a; Miller & Powell, 1983a.

Paronychia congesta Correll. Bushy nailwort. Openings in blackbrush (Acacia rigidula) shrublands on shallow soils over caliche or calcareous sandstone outcrops in South Texas. Jim Hogg County. Ref.: Turner, 1983a*; Turner, 1983b; Damude & Poole, 1990a.

Paronychia jonesii M. C. Johnston. Jones' nailwort. Early successional open areas on deep, loose, well drained sand. Aransas, Brooks, Hidalgo, Kenedy, Kleberg, Nueces and Starr counties. Ref.: Johnston, 1963b; Jones, 1977; Turner, 1983a.

Paronychia maccartii Correll. McCart's nailwort. Known only from the type specimen collected in 1962 from a site in Webb County. Ref.: Damude & Poole, 1990b; Turner, 1983a*.

Paronychia setacea T. & G. [Incl. P. lundellorum B. L. Turner.] Bristle nailwort. Grasslands or open woodlands on sandy soils and claypan savanna, mostly in the post oak belt of south-central Texas. Atascosa, Bexar, Brazos*, Brooks, Fayette*, Gonzales*, Kenedy, Kleberg, Lee, Madison, Medina*, Milam*, Nacogdoches, Robertson counties. Ref.: Turner, 1983a.

Chenopodiaceae Goosefoot Family

Atriplex klebergorum M. C. Johnston. Kleberg saltbush. A halophyte of sparsely vegetated saline areas along the coast (Kleberg County) and at a few inland sites (La Salle, Starr and Webb counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*; Johnston, 1961; Turner, 1981.

Atriplex wardii Standl. Ward's saltbush. A poorly understood taxon reported from widely scattered locations: Cameron, Duval, El Paso, Galveston, Hall, Kleberg and Willacy counties (Reed, 1969a). Not recognized by authorities at TEX-LL); not mentioned by Henrickson & Johnston (in prep.) as part of the Chihuahuan Desert flora despite its reported collection from El Paso County. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000; Reed, 1969.

Cistaceae Rockrose Family

Lechea san-sabeana (Buckl.) Hodgd. San Saba pinweed. Wide-ranging on sandy soils in the post oak belt on Eocene sands, Llano Uplift, Cross Timbers and sandy barrier islands. Aransas*, Bastrop*, Bosque (Diggs et al., 1999), Brazoria*, Brazos*, Brown (Diggs et al. 1999), Burleson*, Burnet*, Calhoun*, Colorado*, Dallas (Mahler, 1988), DeWitt, Dimmit*, Freestone*, Frio, Galveston, Gillespie, Gonzales*, Hidalgo*, Hunt*, Jack (Diggs et al. 1999), Jasper*, Karnes*, Kenedy*, Llano*, Lee*, Mason, Matagorda*, Montague (Diggs et al., 1999), Navarro, Newton*, Palo Pinto*, Parker*, Polk*, San Patricio*, Tarrant*, Walker*, Waller and Wise (Diggs et al., 1999) counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Hodgdon, 1938.

Convolvulaceae Morning-glory Family

Dichondra recurvata Tharp & M. C. Johnst. Tharp's ponyfoot. Gravelly to sandy soils in open post oak woodlands and associated grasslands and disturbed sites. Bastrop*, Bell (Diggs et al., 1999), Bexar*, Blanco*, Burnet*, Comal*, Fayette*, Goliad*, Hays*, Lee*, Llano*, Mills*, San Patricio, Travis* and Williamson (Diggs et al., 1999) counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Tharp & Johnston, 1961; Johnston, 1963a.

Ipomoea costellata Torr. var. edwardsiana O’Kennon & Nesom. Edwards Plateau morning-glory. Found only on the Edwards Plateau, with records from rock outcrops in Bexar, Burnet, Gillespie, Llano, Travis and Uvalde counties. Ref.: O’Kennon & Nesom, 2002*.

Crossosomataceae

Forsellesia texensis Ensign [Glossopetalon texense (Ensign) St. John]. Texas greasebush. Shrublands and woodlands on limestone. Known only from a small portion of the southwestern edge of the Edwards Plateau, with records from the Chalk Bluff and Montell areas of Uvalde County and the Devils River watershed of Val Verde County. Ref.: Lundell, 1969; Vines, 1960*.

Crassulaceae Stonecrop Family

Sedum robertsianum Alex. Wright's stonecrop. Open areas on limestone at moderate elevations in mountains of the Trans-Pecos. Brewster County; reportedly frequent in the Del Norte and Glass Mountains (Warnock, 1977a). Ref.: Warnock, 1977a*.

Cuscutaceae Dodder Family

Cuscuta runyonii Yunck. Runyon's dodder. Parasitic on various species representing several families. Aransas, Dimmit, Duval, Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, McMullen, Starr, Val Verde and Zapata counties. Ref.: Yuncker, 1943*.

Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family

Argythamnia aphoroides Muell. Arg. [Ditaxis aphoroides (Muell. Arg.) Pax]. Hill Country wild-mercury. Mostly in grasslands associated with plateau live oak (Quercus fusiformis) woodlands on limestone uplands. Bexar, Blanco, Brown, Comal, Gillespie, Hays, Kendall, Kerr, Menard, Mills, Tom Green and Uvalde counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*.

Argythamnia argyraea Cory. Silvery wild-mercury. Among shortgrasses on whitish clay soils in shrub-invaded grasslands, particularly over the Yegua Formation. Kinney, La Salle and Maverick counties. Ref.: Cory, 1945; Mahler, 1981b; Mahler, 1981f.

Argythamnia simulans J. Ingram [Ditaxis simulans (J. Ingram) Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts.] Tall wildmercury. Fairly frequent in the shade of juniper-oak woodlands on limestone slopes and uplands on the Edwards Plateau and in north-central Texas. Bandera*, Bell*, Bexar, Blanco*, Brown*, Burnet*, Comal*, Frio*, Gillespie*, Hays*, Kendall*, Kerr*, Kimble*, McCulloch*, Travis*, Uvalde* and Williamson* counties.

Chamaesyce jejuna (Johnston & Warnock) Shinners [Euphorbia jejuna Warnock & M. C. Johnston]. Dwarf broomspurge. Grama-grass prairies and shrublands on dry caliche slopes and limestone hills. Brewster, Mitchell, Nolan, Pecos, Terrell* and Val Verde counties. Ref.: Mayfield, 1993; Shinners, 1969; Warnock & Johnston, 1960*.

Croton alabamensis Chapman var. texensis S. Ginzbarg. Texabama croton. Pockets of deeper friable soils in mesic wooded limestone canyons and in nondescript live oak (Quercus fusiformis) savannas on limestone uplands. Bell, Coryell* and Travis* counties. Ref.: Aplet et al., 1994; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Ginzbarg, 1992.

Croton coryi Croizat. Cory's croton. Grasslands, pastures and woodland openings on barrier islands and coastal and inland sands of South Texas. Brooks*, Jim Hogg*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Nueces and Willacy counties. Ref.: Johnston, 1958.

Euphorbia innocua Wheeler. Velvet spurge. Open or brushy areas on coastal sands and the South Texas Sand Sheet. Aransas*, Brooks*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Nueces*, Refugio, San Patricio and Willacy* counties. Ref.: Wheeler, 1939*.

Euphorbia peplidion Engelm. [Tithymalus peplidion (Engelm.) Small] Low spurge. A variety of vernally-moist situations in a number of natural regions, with scattered locations in the southern half of Texas. Atascosa*, Bee*, Bexar*, Dimmit*, Goliad*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe*, Karnes*, Jim Wells*, Live Oak*, McMullen*, Pecos*, San Patricio, Travis*, Uvalde and Wilson counties (TAES, TEX-LL, SBSC); reports from Duval, Tom Green and Val Verde counties (files of Rare Plant Study Center) need verification.

Euphorbia roemeriana Scheele [Tithymalus roemerianus (Scheele) Small]. Roemer's spurge. Wooded canyons and stream terraces on the eastern portion of Edwards Plateau and southern Lampasas Cutplain. Bandera*, Bosque (Mahler, 1988), Comal*, Edwards*, Fayette, Hays*, Kendall*, Travis*, Uvalde* and Williamson (Diggs et al., 1999) counties; a report from Montague County may be erroneous (Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Mahler, 1993.

Phyllanthus abnormis Baill. var. riograndensis G. L. Webster. Sand Sheet leaf-flower. Semi-desert scrub of deep South Texas. Brooks*, Hidalgo*, Starr*, Webb* and Zapata* counties. Ref.: Webster, 1970.

Tragia nigricans (L. H. Dewey) Nash. Darkstem noseburn. Maple-oak and oak-juniper woodlands on mesic limestone slopes and canyon bottoms of the southern Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Comal*, Kendall*, Kerr*, Medina, Real* and Uvalde* counties. Ref.: Mahler, 1981g; Miller & Webster, 1967.

Fabaceae Legume Family

Amorpha roemerana Scheele [Amorpha texana Buckley]. Texas amorpha. Juniper-oak woodlands or shrublands on rocky limestone slopes, sometimes on dry shelves above creeks. Bandera*, Bexar, Comal*, Gillespie, Hays*, Kendall*, Kerr*, Medina, Travis* and Uvalde* counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Mahler, 1982a; Mahler, 1988; Vines, 1960*; Wilbur, 1975.

Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. var. berlandieri Barneby. Berlandier ground-plum. Woodland margins on the Edwards Plateau and Gulf Coastal Plain. Bandera*, Bexar*, Blanco*, Burnet*, Comal*, Gillespie*, Hays*, Karnes*, Kendall, Kerr*, Mason*, Travis*, Uvalde, Victoria, Washington* and Williamson* counties (Turner, 1959); disjunct in Walker* County. Ref.: Barneby, 1964; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Turner, 1959.

Astragalus mollissimus Torr. var. coryi Tidest. Cory's woolly locoweed. Grasslands on the Stockton Plateau. Crockett*, Irion*, Martin*, Reagan*, Sterling* and Upton* counties. Ref.: Barneby, 1964; Turner, 1959.

Astragalus mollissimus Torr. var. marcidus (Rydb.) B. L. Turner [Astragalus bigelovii Gray var. marcidus (Greene ex Rydb.) Barneby]. Withered woolly loco. Grasslands in basins and foothills of mountains of Jeff Davis and Presidio counties. A specimen from Dallam County (at the northern tip of the Texas Panhandle) merits critical examination. Ref.: Barneby, 1964; Turner, 1959.

Astragalus nuttallianus A. DC. var. pleianthus (Shinners) Barneby [Astragalus austrinus (Small) O. E. Schulz var. pleianthus L. Shinners; Astragalus pleianthus (Shinners) Barneby]. Manyflower milkvetch. Various habitats in much of the western two-thirds of Texas. Austin*, Bastrop*, Bexar*, Burnet*, Caldwell*, Chambers*, Fayette*, Frio*, Gillespie*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe*, Lee*, Llano*, Mason*, McLennan*, McMullen*, San Saba*, Schleicher*, Sutton*, Travis* and Webb* counties. Ref.: Barneby, 1964.

Astragalus reflexus T. & G. Texas milkvetch. Grasslands on calcareous substrates at scattered locations in the eastern half of Texas. Bell (Diggs et al., 1999), Brown, Cameron*, Dallas*, Fayette*, Gonzales, Hill*, Kleberg*, Johnson, McLennan*, Somervell*, Tarrant*, Travis*, Walker* and Zavala* counties. Ref.: Barneby, 1964; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Turner, 1959.

Astragalus wrightii Gray. Wright's milk-vetch. Openings in oak-juniper woodlands, on gravelly hilltops and stony outcrops on prairies (Barneby, 1964); sometimes on limestone gravel of roadsides, on the Edwards Plateau and Lampasas Cutplain. Bandera*, Bell*, Bexar*, Blanco, Brown, Burnet (Diggs et al., 1999), Comal*, Gillespie*, Hays, Kendall*, Kerr, Kimble*, Lampasas (Diggs et al., 1999), Travis*, San Saba and Williamson* counties; introduced on railroad ballast in Anderson County (Barneby, 1964) and disjunct or waifed in Montgomery* County. Ref.: Barneby, 1964; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Turner, 1959.

Calliandra iselyi B. L. Turner. Isely’s feather-duster. Brewster and Presidio counties (Turner, 2000), where it occurs in a variety of dry rocky habits. Ref.: Turner, 2000.

Dalea austrotexana B. L. Turner. Dune dalea. Restricted to deep loose sands of active and somewhat stabilized dunes in South Texas, with records from Brooks, Cameron, Jim Hogg, Kenedy and Starr counties (Turner, 2006). Jim Wells County is marked on the map in the type article, but no specimen is mentioned.

Dalea bartonii Barneby. Cox's dalea. Shortgrass semi-desert grasslands with scattered pinyon pine and juniper, on gravelly soils on limestone hills. Brewster County. Barneby, 1977*; Howell, 1986b.

Dalea hallii Gray. Hall's prairie-clover. Grasslands on eroded limestone or chalk and in oak scrub on rocky hillsides in north-central Texas, south to a few spots on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Brown, Burnet*, Comanche, Dallas, Erath, Fannin*, Hays*, Hood*, Johnson, Kendall, Kerr, Mills*, Parker and Tarrant* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Barneby, 1977*; Enquist, 1987*; Turner, 1959.

Dalea obovata (T. & G.) Shinners [Petalostemum obovatum T. & G.]. Stinking prairieclover. Grassland or forb-dominated openings in oak woodlands on deep loose sandy soils, mostly on the coastal plain of south and southeast Texas, ranging onto the southern and eastern edges of the Edwards Plateau. Aransas*, Brooks*, Colorado*, DeWitt*, Frio*, Gonzales, Guadalupe*, Hidalgo*, Karnes*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Lavaca*, Medina*, Nueces*, Refugio*, San Patricio*, Travis, Val Verde*, Willacy* and Wilson* counties. Ref.: Barneby, 1977*.

Dalea reverchonii (Wats.) Shinners [Petalostemum reverchonii Wats.]. Comanche Peak prairieclover. Shallow calcareous clay to sandy clay soils over limestone, in grasslands or openings in post oak woodlands, often among sparse vegetation in barren exposed sites. Hood, Parker* and Wise counties. Ref.: Barneby, 1977*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Mahler, 1984.

Dalea sabinalis (Wats.) Shinners [Petalostemum sabinale Wats.]. Sabinal prairieclover. Habitat unknown, probably grasslands or open juniper-oak woodlands on shallow rocky soils and limestone outcrops. Historical records from Bandera, Uvalde and Val Verde counties; no extant populations known. Ref.: Barneby, 1977*; Mahler, 1985b.

Dalea tenuis (Coult.) Shinners [Petalostemum tenue Coult.; Petalostemum stanfieldii Small]. Stanfield prairieclover. Grasslands on shallow calcareous clayey to somewhat sandy soils, usually in dry upland situations where underlying limestone or caliche is patchily exposed, or on open bouldery slopes, on the Edwards Plateau and in north-central Texas. Bandera*, Bell*, Bexar, Bosque*, Brown*, Burnet*, Callahan*, Coke, Coleman*, Cooke, Coryell*, Denton, Hamilton*, Hays, Hood, Irion*, Johnson*, Lampasas*, Medina, Menard*, Mills*, Parker*, Somervell, Sutton*, Tarrant*, Taylor*, Tom Green, Travis* and Wise* counties. Ref.: Barneby, 1977*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Orzell, 1990; Shinners, 1949b.

Desmanthus reticulatus Benth. Netleaf bundleflower. Mostly on clay prairies of the coastal plain of central and south Texas. Bexar*, Comal*, Edwards, Gonzales, Guadalupe*, Kerr, Kleberg*, Live Oak, San Patricio, Travis*, Uvalde and Wilson counties. Ref: Luckow, 1993*; Turner, 1959.

Galactia canescens Benth. Hoary milkpea. Deep loose sand of coastal and inland dunes and early successional open areas within post oak belts on Eocene and other deposits inland, mostly on the South Texas Plains but ranging patchily north to the Edwards Plateau and north-central Texas. Aransas*, Atascosa*, Bastrop*, Brazoria*, Brooks*, Calhoun*, Cameron*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe, Hidalgo*, Hood, Karnes*, Kenedy*, Kerr*, Medina*, Nueces*, San Patricio*, Somervell, Starr*, Willacy* and Zapata* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Turner, 1959.

Galactia heterophylla Gray [Galactia grayi Vail]. Varileaf milkpea. Grasslands on sandy loam, often in shallow calcareous soils over caliche deposits on the South Texas Plains; also over granite or gneiss on the Llano Uplift. Bee*, Brown, Dimmit, Duval*, Frio*, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells*, Karnes, Kleberg*, Live Oak, Llano, Mason, McMullen*, San Patricio*, Webb and Zapata counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Hill, 1982b; Turner, 1959.

Galactia texana (Scheele) Gray. Texas milkpea. In and along margins of juniper-oak woodlands on limestone slopes and uplands, mostly on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Bexar*, Comal*, Edwards*, Fayette*, Hays*, Kinney*, Real*, Travis*, Uvalde*, Val Verde* and Zavala counties. Ref.: Turner, 1959.

Galactia watsoniana W. C. Holmes & Singhurst. Watson’s milkpea. Known only from mesic forested canyons in Bandera County. Ref: Holmes & Singhurst, 2008.

Hoffmannseggia tenella Tharp & L. O. Wms. Slender rushpea. Grasslands on clay to sandy clay soils on the Beaumont Formation in the Coastal Bend area. Kleberg* and Nueces* counties. Isely, 1975; Mahler, 1982c*; Poole & Riskind, 1987*.

Pediomelum cyphocalyx (Gray) Rydb. [Psoralea cyphocalyx Gray]. Turnip-root scurfpea. Grasslands and woodland openings on dry shallow stony soil over limestone, usually in full sun; mostly on the Edwards Plateau, extending north on limestone substrates almost to Oklahoma. Bandera*, Bell (Diggs et al., 1999), Bexar*, Blanco, Burnet (Diggs et al., 1999), Comal*, Coryell*, Gillespie*, Hamilton*, Hays*, Kendall*, Kerr*, Lampasas (Diggs et al., 1999), Parker*, Travis and Wise* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Grimes, 1990; Rickett, 1970*; Turner, 1959.

Pediomelum hypogaeum (T. & G.) Rydb. var. scaposum (Gray) Grimes [Psoralea hypogaea T. & G. var. scaposa Gray; Psoralea scaposa (Gray) MacBride; Pediomelum pentaphyllum (B. Juss.) J. Grimes var. scaposum (Gray) J. Grimes; Pediomelum hypogaeum Nutt. ex T. & G. var. scaposum (Gray) Grimes]. Stemless scurfpea. Sparsely vegetated grasslands and openings on calcareous clayey soils on rocky limestone slopes and level uplands, on the Edwards Plateau and north on the Lampasas Cutplain and Cross Timbers. Bandera, Bell*, Blanco*, Comal*, Comanche*, Erath, Gillespie*, Hood*, Johnson*, Kendall, Kerr*, Lampasas, McLennan*, Mills*, Tarrant*, Travis*, Williamson* and Wise* counties. Reported from Arkansas by Bridges & Orzell (1987) but not by Smith (1994). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Grimes, 1990; Orzell & Bridges, 1987.

Pediomelum latestipulatum (Shinners) Mahler var. appressum (Ockendon) Gandhi & L. E. Brown [Psoralea latestipulata Shinners var. appressa Ockendon]. Broad-stipule scurfpea. Grasslands and open woodlands on clayey calcareous soils on limestone slopes and uplands, mostly on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera, Bexar (Grimes, 1990), Blanco*, Burnet, Caldwell*, Hays*, Kerr (Grimes, 1990), Kimble, Pecos*, Travis* and Williamson* counties. A specimen from Gonzales County* may be erroneous as to locality. Ref.: Grimes, 1990.

Phaseolus texensis A. Delgado & W. R. Carr. Canyon bean. Openings in woodlands in relatively mesic limestone canyons in Bandera, Kerr, Travis and Uvalde counties (Delgado-Salinas & Carr, 2007).

Pomaria brachycarpa (Gray) B. B. Simpson [Caesalpinia brachycarpa (Gray) Fisher; Hoffmannseggia brachycarpa Gray]. Broadpod rushpea. Grasslands, live oak savannas and open mesquite woodlands on shallow stony clay soils over limestone. Crockett, Edwards*, Kinney*, Llano and Sutton* counties. Through my own error, my specimen 11277 from Kinney County is misattributed to Uvalde County in TEX-LL web browser. Ref.: Isely, 1975; Mahler, 1981e; Simpson, 1998.

Tephrosia lindheimeri Gray. Lindheimer's tephrosia. Deep loose sandy soils in dry open situations in the Central Mineral Basin and South Texas Plains. Aransas, Atascosa*, Bee*, Bexar*, Brooks*, Burnet*, Caldwell*, Cameron, Comal, Dimmit*, Duval*, Frio*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe*, Harris, Hidalgo*, Karnes*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Jim Hogg*, La Salle*, Live Oak, Llano*, Mason*, Maverick*, McCulloch*, Medina*, San Saba*, San Patricio, Webb*, Willacy*, Williamson*, Wilson* and Zavala* counties. Ref.: Ajilvsgi, 1984*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*; Wood, 1949.

Trifolium bejariense Moric. Bexar clover. Sandy or loamy soils in open areas primarily in the post oak belt but ranging south to the Coastal Bend, southeast to the Houston area, and north nearly to the Red River. Anderson*, Bastrop*, Caldwell*, Colorado*, DeWitt*, Fayette*, Fort Bend*, Gonzales*, Grimes*, Lee*, Travis*, Van Zandt* and Washington* counties (TEX-LL, 2001); Brazos, Henderson, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, Rains, Robertson, Victoria and Wilson counties (Turner, 1959); also Lamar County (Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Turner, 1959.

Fagaceae Beech Family

Quercus graciliformis C. H. Mull. Chisos oak. Apparently restricted to the Chisos Mountains of Brewster County, where it has been found woodlands in moister portions of canyons above 5400 feet elevation. Ref.: Muller, 1951; Powell, 1998*.

Fumariaceae Fumitory Family

Corydalis curvisiliqua Engelm. subsp. curvisiliqua. Curvepod corydalis. Various habitats in central and west Texas. Bandera*, Bastrop*, Bee*, Bexar*, Blanco*, Brazos*, Brewster*, Brown*, Caldwell*, Callahan*, Comal*, Comanche*, Crockett*, Culberson*, Edwards*, Frio*, Gillespie*, Hardeman*, Hays*, Irion*, Jeff Davis*, Jones*, Kendall*, Kerr*, Kinney*, Llano*, Mason*, Menard*, Pecos*, Presidio*, Runnels*, San Saba*, Shackelford*, Sutton*, Taylor*, Terrell*, Tom Green*, Travis*, Uvalde*, Val Verde* and Young* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Warnock, 1977a*.

Corydalis micrantha (Engelm.) Gray subsp. texensis G. Ownbey [Corydalis micrantha (Engelm.) Gray var. texensis (G. Ownbey) Shinners]. Texas corydalis. Various habitats, mostly in South Texas. Bee*, Bexar*, Brooks*, Calhoun*, Cameron, DeWitt*, Dimmit*, Duval*, Frio*, Goliad*, Guadalupe*, Jim Hogg*, Jim Wells*, Karnes*, Kendall, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Live Oak*, Nueces*, Starr*, Travis, Victoria*, Webb*, Willacy* and Zapata* counties (Ownbey, 1947; TEX-LL, 2002). Ref.: Jones, 1977; Ownbey, 1947.

Gentianaceae Gentian Family

Centaurium blumbergianum B. L. Turner. Blumbergs’ centaury. Along sulphur streams and tinajas in Presidio County (Turner, 2004).

Centaurium glanduliferum (Correll) B. L. Turner [Centaurium beyrichii (T. & G.) B. L. Robins. var. glanduliferum Correll]. Glandular mountain-pink. Grasslands and open scrub on shallow soils over limestone. Brewster*, Pecos* and Terrell counties. Ref.: Turner, 1993a.

Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea Family

Philadelphus serpyllifolius var. intermedius B.L. Turner. Brewster and Pecos counties.

Hydrophyllaceae Waterleaf Family

Nemophila sayersensis Simpson, Neff & Helfgott. Sayersville blue-eyes. Woodland margins and open field on deep loose sand. Bastrop, Burleson, Gonzales, Grimes, Lee, Robertson and Washington counties (Simpson, Helfgott & Neff, 2001).

Phacelia laxa Small. Coast phacelia. Moist sand and open woodlands, mostly on coastal plain. DeWitt, Goliad, Gonzales*, Karnes, Kenedy, Jackson, Jim Wells*, Live Oak*, Nueces*, San Patricio and Victoria counties; one record from Edwards Plateau (Kendall County). Ref.: Constance, 1949.

Phacelia patuliflora (Engelm. & Gray) Gray var. patuliflora. Sand phacelia. Deep, loose, well drained, sandy soils of pastures, open post oak woodlands and river floodplains, on both the Gulf Coastal Plain and Llano Uplift. Austin, Bastrop, Blanco, Burnet, Colorado, Fayette, Fort Bend, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Llano, Travis and Washington counties (Moyer & Turner, 1994). Ref.: Ajilvsgi, 1984*; Constance, 1949; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Moyer & Turner, 1994.

Phacelia patuliflora (Engelm. & Gray) Gray var. austrotexana J. A. Moyer. South Texas phacelia. Open sandy areas in Bee, Brooks, Cameron, Dimmit, Duval, Goliad, Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Kenedy, Kleberg, Live Oak, Nueces, San Patricio and Webb counties (Moyer & Turner, 1994). Ref.: Moyer & Turner, 1994.

Phacelia strictiflora (Engelm. & Gray) Gray var. strictiflora. Prairie phacelia. Deep, loose, well drained sandy soils in a variety of open situations; mostly in post oak belts on the Gulf Coastal Plain. Austin, Bastrop, Brazos, Collin, Dallas, Gonzales, Lee, Milam, Travis and Waller counties. Ref.: Constance, 1949; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999; Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*.

Lamiaceae Mint Family

Brazoria arenaria Lundell. Sand brazos-mint. Sandy areas in South Texas. Aransas*, Brooks, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg*, Jim Wells, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Refugio* and San Patricio counties (Lundell, 1969; TEX-LL, 1998). Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*; Lundell, 1945; Rickett, 1970*; Shinners, 1953a.

Brazoria enquistii M. W. Turner. Enquist's sandmint. Apparently restricted to Burnet, Llano and Mason counties in the Llano Uplift (Central Mineral Basin), where it occurs primarily on sand banks along granitic streambeds (Turner, 2003).

Brazoria truncata (Benth.) Engelm. & Gray var. truncata. Bluntsepal brazos-mint. Early-successional areas in grasslands and other open areas on deep, loose, well drained sand or sandy loam in east-central Texas and the Llano Uplift. Anderson, Atascosa*, Austin*, Bastrop*, Bexar*, Burleson*, Burnet, Caldwell*, Colorado*, DeWitt*, Fayette*, Goliad*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe*, Jim Wells*, Karnes*, Lee*, Live Oak*, Llano, Refugio*, Robertson*, San Patricio*, Victoria* and Wilson* counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Jones, 1977*; Lundell, 1969*; Shinners, 1953a.

Brazoria truncata (Benth.) Engelm. & Gray var. pulcherrima (Lundell) M. W. Turner [Brazoria pulcherrima Lundell]. Centerville brazos-mint. Open sandy areas in the post oak belt of east-central Texas. Anderson*, Freestone*, Henderson*, Houston, Leon* and Robertson* counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*; Lundell, 1968; Lundell, 1969*; Mahler, 1979a; Mahler, 1980d; Mahler, 1993.

Hedeoma molle Torr. Hairy false-pennyroyal. Rocky slopes in mountains of the Trans-Pecos. Brewster*, Jeff Davis* and Presidio* counties.

Hedeoma pilosum Irving. Old Blue pennyroyal. Known only from the type specimen collected on Old Blue (Baldy) Mountain in the Glass Mountains, Brewster County. Ref.: Irving, 1970; Miller, 1984b.

Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. var. parva Scora. Small horsemint. Clay soils along the lower Texas Gulf Coast. Calhoun*, Cameron, Nueces, San Patricio and Willacy counties (Turner, 1994).

Monarda fruticulosa Epling. Bushy horsemint. Grasslands and heavily utilized pastures on deep sands, primarily on the South Texas Sand Sheet. Aransas, Brooks*, Hidalgo*, Kenedy*, Kleberg, Jim Hogg*, Nueces*, Refugio, San Patricio, Starr* and Zapata* counties; Ref.: Hill, 1982b; Jones, 1977; Turner, 1994b.

Monarda punctata L. var. intermedia (E. L. McClint. & Epling) Waterf. Intermediate horsemint. According to Turner (1994), this weakly-distinguished taxon ranges from the southern Rolling Plains eastward to the Lampasas Cutplain and north in the Cross Timbers region virtually to the Oklahoma line. Atascosa*, Bell*, Brown*, Callahan*, Concho, Dallas*, Denton*, Erath*, Falls*, Fannin, Grayson*, Jones*, Kaufman*, Llano*, Mason*, McLennan*, Mills*, Parker*, Runnels*, Somervell*, Tarrant*, Taylor*, Travis*, Van Zandt and Williamson* counties. McClintock & Epling (1942) reported specimens from Anderson, Bell, Brazoria, Comal, Dallas, Harris, Jefferson, Kaufman, Limestone, McLennan, Montgomery, Newton, Palo Pinto, Sabine, San Augustine, Tarrant, Trinity and Van Zandt counties, but their vouchers from the Pineywoods and Coastal Prairies would probably be referred by Turner to other varieties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999; Turner, 1994; McClintock & Epling, 1942.

Monarda stanfieldii Small [Monarda punctata L. var. stanfieldii (Small) Cory; Monarda punctata L. subsp. stanfieldii (Small) Epling]. Stanfield beebalm. Grasslands, open areas and disturbed sites, almost always on dry, very sandy soils. Largely confined to sands along the middle course of the Colorado River and its tributaries (Scora, 1967; Turner, 1994). Blanco, Burnet, Hays, Llano* and Travis* counties. Ref.: Scora, 1967; Turner, 1994b.

Monarda viridissima Correll. Texas beebalm. Openings in the post oak belt of east-central Texas. Bastrop*, Caldwell*, Colorado (and/or Lavaca*), Guadalupe*, Lee* and Wilson* counties. Ref.: Turner, 1994b.

Rhododon angulatus (Tharp) B. L. Turner [Stachydeoma angulata Tharp; included within Rhododon ciliatus (Benth.) Epling in recent floras such as Correll & Johnston (1970) and Jones (1977)]. Tharp's rhododon. Deep loose sand in sparsely vegetated areas on stabilized dunes of Pleistocene barrier islands. Aransas*, Nueces (map in Turner, 1995) and Refugio (Jones, 1977) counties. Ref.: Jones, 1977; Turner, 1995b.

Rhododon ciliatus (Benth.) Epling [Hedeoma ciliata Benth.; Hedeoma texanum Cory]. Texas hedeoma. Open deep sand sites in the post oak belts of east-central Texas. Anderson*, Austin, Bastrop, Burleson, Caldwell*, Freestone*, Gonzales*, Lee*, Leon*, Limestone*, Milam, Montgomery*, Robertson*, Smith*, Van Zandt and Waller counties. Ref.: Irving, 1980; Turner, 1995b.

Salvia engelmannii Gray. Engelmann's sage. Grasslands and open juniper-oak woodlands on dry limestone slopes and uplands of the Edwards Plateau and Lampasas Cutplain. Bandera*, Bell*, Blanco, Bosque, Burnet*, Comal*, Coryell*, Dallas, Denton, Erath*, Gillespie*, Hays*, Kendall*, Kerr*, Kimble*, Hamilton*, Hays, Hood, Johnson*, Kendall, Kerr, Kimble, Lampasas*, McLennan*, Tarrant*, Travis*, Uvalde*, Val Verde, Williamson* and Wilson* counties. A 1935 specimen from Gonzales County* probably has erroneous label data. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*.

Salvia penstemonoides Kunth & Bouché. Big red sage. Moist to seasonally wet clay or silt soils in creekbeds and on seepage slopes of limestone canyons, in full sun or partial shade, mostly in the southern portion of the Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Bexar, Gillespie, Guadalupe, Kendall*, Kerr*, Real and Wilson counties. A Lindheimer specimen is attributed to Comal County. Introduced into Travis County. Ref.: Enquist, 1987b; Schaal, Smith & Schmid, 1992.

Scutellaria laevis Shinners. Smoothstem skullcap. Slopes and arroyos in the Beach and Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson and Hudspeth counties (Higgins, 1989). Ref.: Burgess & Northington, 1981; Higgins, 1989; Shinners, 1962; Turner, 1994a.

Teucrium cubense Jacq. var. laevigatum (Vahl) Shinners [Teucrium cubense Jacq. subsp. laevigatum (Vahl) E. M. McClint. & Epling]. Annual germander. South Texas. Not recognized by Turner at TEX-LL; details unknown. Possibly introduced in Kaufman County (Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*.

Loganiaceae Logania Family

Spigelia texana (T. & G. ) A. DC. Texas pinkroot. Woodlands on loamy soils, usually on river terraces; locally common in the Columbia Bottomlands and a few other locations on the coastal plain. Austin, Brazoria*, Burleson, Colorado, DeWitt*, Fort Bend, Gonzales*, Lee*, Matagorda, Polk*, Victoria*, Waller* and Washington* counties (Henrickson, 1996; TAMU, 1998; TEX-LL, 2002). Note that Henrickson (1996) submerged this taxon within Spigelia loganioides (T. & G.) A. DC., but Gould & Jansen (1999) resurrected it.

Malvaceae Mallow Family

Callirhoe scabriuscula Robins. Texas poppymallow. Grasslands or open oak or mesquite woodlands on deep sands of ancient and contemporary Colorado River terraces. Coke, Mitchell and Runnels counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 2000*; Cruze, 1991; Dorr, 1990; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; Poole, 1990; U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 1985.

Hibiscus dasycalyx Blake & Shiller. Neches River rosemallow. Alluvial soils in swamps or margins of riparian woodlands, most often near standing rather than flowing water, typically in soils that are wet in winter and surficially dry in summer (Warnock, 1993). Cherokee, Harrison, Houston and Trinity counties. Ref.: Blake, 1958*; Correll & Correll, 1975*; Kennedy & Poole, 1990; Nixon & Cunningham, 1985*; Warnock, 1993).

Malvastrum aurantiacum (Scheele) Walp. Golden falsemallow. Usually in clayey or silty soils of river floodplains (Hill, 1982), sometime somewhat weedy in open areas; mostly on the Coastal Plain, ranging westward to the Balcones Escarpment. Aransas, Bastrop*, Bell, Bexar*, Brazos*, Calhoun*, Cameron*, Colorado, Comal*, Dallas, DeWitt*, Goliad*, Gonzales*, Guadalupe, Hays*, Jackson*, Karnes*, Nueces*, Refugio, San Patricio, Tarrant, Travis* and Victoria* counties (Hill, 1982; TEX-LL, 2002). Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Hill, 1982a*.

Sphaeralcea lindheimeri Gray. Woolly globemallow. Sandy areas of the southern Texas. Aransas*, Atascosa*, Brooks*, Caldwell*, Calhoun*, Cameron*, DeWitt*, Duval*, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg*, Karnes*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Nueces*, Refugio*, San Patricio* and Victoria* counties. Ref.: Kearney, 1935; Rickett, 1970*.

Wissadula parvifolia Fryxell. Littleleaf wissadula. A recently-described species reported to date only from Hidalgo County (Fryxell, 2007).

Nyctaginaceae Four O’clock Family

Abronia ameliae Lundell. Amelia's sand-verbena. Grasslands on deep loose sand, mostly on the South Texas Sand Sheet. Brooks*, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Live Oak* and Starr* counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Galloway, 1975; Reed, 1969; Rickett, 1970*.

Abronia macrocarpa Galloway. Large-fruited sand-verbena. Freestone, Leon and Robertson counties. Sparsely vegetated blowouts and other openings in post oak woodlands on deep, somewhat excessively drained sands over Eocene strata. Freestone*, Leon* and Robertson counties. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Corlies, 1991*; Galloway, 1972; Galloway, 1975; Kennedy et al., 1990; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; USF&WS, 1990*; Williamson & Werth, 1999.

Acleisanthes wrightii (Gray) B. & H. [Pentacrophys wrightii Gray] Wright's trumpets. Semi-desert grasslands and shrublands on shallow stony soils on low limestone hills and flats. Brewster, Pecos, Reeves, Terrell and Val Verde counties. Ref.: Reed, 1969; Smith, 1975; Smith, 1976.

Mirabilis gigantea (Standl.) Shinners. Giant four-o'clock. Sandy alluvial terraces and open woodlands. Callahan*, Dallas*, Denton, Ellis, Grayson*, Johnson*, Lavaca, McLennan*, Parker, Sutton, Tarrant*, Walker*, Washington* and Wise counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Reed, 1969; Turner, 1993b.

Onagraceae Evening-primrose Family

Gaura villosa Torr. subsp. parksii (Munz) Raven & Gregory. Parks' gaura. Grassland and other open habitats on well drained sandy soils, mostly in South Texas. Atascosa, Bexar, Dimmit, Duval, Frio, Guadalupe*, Jim Hogg, Medina*, San Patricio, Starr, Wilson, Zapata* and Zavala counties, occurring in various (Raven & Gregory, 1972; TEX-LL, 2002). Ref.: Jones, 1977; Raven & Gregory, 1972*.

Oenothera cordata J. W. Loudon. Largebract evening-primrose. A recently-resurrected species from the Oenothera laciniata complex, occurring in post oak woodlands on sandy soils on the coastal plain. Austin, Bastrop, Colorado, Fayette, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Matagorda, Travis, Victoria, Wilson counties (Dietrich & Wagner, 1988; TEX-LL, Dec 2007).

Oenothera coryi W. L. Wagner. Cory's evening-primrose. Grasslands and rock outcrops on the High Plains and Rolling Plains. Baylor, Callahan, Crosby, Garza*, Knox, Nolan, Taylor and Throckmorton* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Wagner, 1986.

Oenothera falfurriae W. Dietrich & W. L. Wagner. Falfurrias evening-primrose. A recent segregate of the Oenothera laciniata complex, occurring in early-successional communities on sandy soils. Aransas, Brazos, Brooks*, Cameron*, Frio*, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg, Kenedy, Kleberg*, Maverick*, Nueces*, Refugio, Starr*, Val Verde*, Webb*, Willacy and Zapata* counties; doubtless in adjacent Mexico. Ref.: Dietrich & Wagner, 1987; Dietrich & Wagner, 1988*.

Oenothera mexicana Spach. Hairy cutleaf evening-primrose. Recently resurrected from the Oenothera laciniata complex. Sandy areas in southern Texas. Aransas, Atascosa, Bexar, Brooks*, Burleson, Frio, DeWitt, Gonzales, Kenedy, Medina*, Newton, Refugio, San Patricio, Waller and Washington counties. Despite the epithet, Oenothera mexicana does not occur in Mexico as currently defined. Ref.: Dietrich & Wagner, 1988*.

Papaveraceae Poppy Family

Argemone aurantiaca G. Ownbey. Hill pricklypoppy. Pastures and other disturbed sites in various parts of central Texas. Bandera, Bell, Bexar*, Blanco*, Brown, Comal, Gillespie, Hays*, Kerr*, Maverick* McLennan*, Menard*, Mitchell, Schleicher*, Taylor*, Travis* and Uvalde counties (Ownbey, 1958, TEX-LL, 2002). Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Ownbey, 1958*.

Polemoniaceae Phlox Family

Gilia ludens Shinners. South Texas gilia. Thorn shrublands and open oak woodlands on shallow sandy loam over rock outcrops in South Texas. Duval*, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Live Oak, Uvalde and Webb counties (Shinners, 1963; Texas BCD, 1998).

Phlox drummondii Hook. subsp. tharpii Wherry. Tharp's phlox. Sandy open areas on the South Texas Plains. Aransas*, Atascosa*, Bee*, Bexar*, Calhoun*, Dimmit*, Frio*, Goliad*, Karnes*, Live Oak*, Medina*, Refugio*, San Patricio*, Victoria* and Wilson* counties.

Phlox drummondii Hook. subsp. wilcoxiana (Bogusch) Wherry. Wilcox Formation phlox. Post oak belts of southeast Texas and adjacent areas. Not recognized by Turner at TEX-LL. Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999.

Phlox nivalis Lodd. subsp. texensis Lundell. Texas trailing phlox. Sandy to loamy soils in fire-maintained longleaf pine savannas or post oak-bluejack oak woodlands. Hardin, Polk and Tyler counties. Ref.: Ajilvsgi, 1979*; Mahler, 1980c; Poole & Riskind, 1987*.

Phlox pilosa L. subsp. latisepala Wherry [Phlox pilosa L. subsp. asper (E. Nels.) Wherry]. Rough phlox. "Open woods and on dry slopes and less commonly in grassland, often over calcareous rocks" (Wherry, 1966) on the Edwards Plateau north through the Lampasas Cutplain. Bandera, Bell, Blanco, Bosque, Burnet, Comal, Comanche, Hays, Hood, Kendall, Kerr, Kimble, Lampasas, McLennan, Medina, Menard, Palo Pinto, Sutton, Tarrant, Tom Green, Travis, Uvalde and Williamson counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999; Wherry, 1966.

Phlox pilosa L. subsp. riparia Wherry. Texas phlox. "On gravel deposits along streams and ascending talus slopes" (Wherry, 1966) on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera, Bell, Crockett, Irion, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Menard, Pecos, Real, San Saba, Sterling, Sutton, Terrell, Uvalde, Val Verde and Williamson counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999; Wherry, 1966.

Phlox roemeriana Scheele. Golden-eye phlox. Clayey soils derived from limestone but occasionally in sandier substrates, usually in full sun in grasslands on open rocky sites; also common on roadsides where fall mowing reduces shading by taller warm-season grasses. Mostly on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera, Bell*, Bexar*, Blanco*, Bosque (Diggs et al., 1999), Brown*, Burnet*, Coleman*, Comal*, Comanche (Diggs et al., 1999), Coryell*, Crockett, Eastland, Edwards*, Gillespie*, Hamilton (Diggs et al., 1999), Hays*, Hood (Diggs et al., 1999), Irion, Kendall*, Kerr*, Kimble*, Johnson (Diggs et al., 1999), McCulloch, McLennan*, Medina*, Menard*, Mills*, Real*, San Saba*, Schleicher*, Somervell, Sutton*, Taylor*, Tom Green*, Travis*, Uvalde*, Val Verde* and Williamson* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Niehaus, Ripper & Savage, 1984*; Rickett, 1970*; Whitehouse, 1945.

Polygalaceae Milkwort Family

Polygala nitida T. S. Brandegee var. goliadensis Wendt. Goliad milkwort. Thornscrub and open oak woodlands on caliche. Bee*, Blanco, Duval, Goliad*, Jim Wells*, Live Oak*, McMullen* and San Patricio* counties. Ref.: Wendt, 1979.

Polygonaceae Buckwheat Family

Eriogonum nealleyi Coult. Irion wildbuckwheat. Grasslands on shallow stony soils over limestone and indurated caliche, often collected from ungrazed but sparsely vegetated roadsides, particularly where limestone or caliche is exposed on hilltops. Coke, Howard, Irion, Pecos, Reagan, Runnels and Sterling counties. Ref.: Reveal, 1968; Rowell, 1983a.

Eriogonum riograndis Nesom. Rio Grande buckwheat. Similar to E. multiflorum and replacing it to some extent in south Texas; known from Aransas, Brooks, Calhoun, Duval, Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Karnes, Kenedy, Kleberg, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio, Webb, Willacy and Zapata counties. [

Eriogonum suffruticosum Wats. Bushy wildbuckwheat. Sparsely vegetated rocky limestone slopes, low hills and clay flats; sometimes on gypseous soils. Brewster*, Pecos and Presidio* counties. Ref.: Clark & Powell, 1983c; Powell, 1998*; Reveal, 1968.

Eriogonum tenellum Torr. var. ramosissimum Benth. [Eriogonum tenellum Torr. var. caulescens T. & G.; treated at TEX-LL as Eriogonum ramosissimum Eastw.]. Basin buckwheat. Crevices of sparsely vegetated, unshaded granite and gneiss outcrops and in associated deposits of dry sand and gravel on the Llano Uplift. Burnet*, Gillespie*, Llano* and Mason* counties. Ref.: Walters & Wyatt, 1982.

Polygonella parksii Cory. Parks' jointweed. Sandy openings in post oak woodlands, primarily on Eocene strata in the post oak belt. Atascosa*, Bexar, Burleson*, Guadalupe*, Leon*, Robertson* and Wilson counties. Ref.: Category 3CCory, 1937; Horton, 1963; Mahler, 1980a; Mahler, 1981a*; Mahler, 1993.

Polygonum texense M. C. Johnston. Texas knotweed. Seasonally moist soils around lakes, stock tanks, buffalo wallows and other depressions, mostly in northwestern Edwards Plateau and adjacent Rolling Plains and High Plains. Andrews, Bell*, Bexar, Borden, Crockett*, Garza, Harris, Howard*, Lubbock, Sutton*, Taylor, Tom Green and Val Verde* counties. Ref.: Johnston, 1969; Mahler, 1980b; Mahler, 1981a*.

Rumex spiralis Small. Winged dock. Seasonally wet areas, mostly on the South Texas Plains but scattered across much of the state. Bexar*, Brazoria*, El Paso*, Dallas*, Frio*, Gonzales*, Karnes*, La Salle*, McMullen*, Val Verde*, Victoria* Webb*, Wilson*, Zavala* and Zapata* counties (TEX-LL, 1998). Doubtless in adjacent Mexico. Ref.: Jones, 1977.

Ranunculaceae Crowfoot Family

Anemone edwardsiana Tharp [including var. petraea Correll]. Canyon anemone. Shaded rock outcrops and in rich humus in oak-juniper forests in mesic limestone canyons. Bandera, Bexar, Kendall, Medina, Travis, Uvalde, Val Verde and Williamson counties. Reports from farther north and west are probably based on Anemone okennonii (Keener & Dutton, 1994). Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Enquist, 1987a*.

Aquilegia chrysantha Gray var. hinckleyana (Munz) Lott [Aquilegia hinckleyana Munz]. Hinckley's columbine. Known only from Presidio County, where it occurs in cooler, wetter areas near waterfalls, perennial seeps and springs in mountain canyons. Ref.: Cheatham, Johnston & Marshall, 1995*; Clark & Powell, 1973a; Lott, 1979; Lott, 1985; Warnock, 1977a*.

Clematis carrizoanus Estes. Carrizo leatherflower. Margins of post oak woodlands on deep sands of Carrizo formation in Cherokee, Smith and Van Zandt counties (Estes, 2006).

Clematis texensis Buckley. Scarlet leatherflower. Oak-juniper woodlands in mesic rocky limestone canyons and along perennial streams on the Edwards Plateau and Lampasas Cutplain. Bandera*, Bell, Blanco*, Bosque, Comal*, Coryell, Gillespie, Hays, Kendall*, Kerr, Lampasas, Llano*, Medina, Real, Travis* and Uvalde counties. Ref.: Ajilvsgi, 1979*; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Erickson, 1943; Pringle, 1997; Rickett, 1970*; Tull & Miller, 1991; Vines, 1960*.

Thalictrum texanum (Gray) Small. Houston meadow-rue. Margins of mesic woodlands or forests on alluvial terraces, perhaps most abundantly on claypan savanna sites. Brazos, Fayette, Grimes, Harris and Waller counties. Specimens at TAES from Red River and San Augustine appear to be Thalictrum arkansanum and Thalictrum dasycarpum, respectively. Ref.: Mahler, 1983*.

Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family

Condalia hookeri M. C. Johnst. var. edwardsiana (Cory) M. C. Johnston. Edwards plateau capul negro. Known from a single thicket in shallow clay soil on a dry rocky limestone slope in a pasture with live oak and common shrubs of the Edwards Plateau, including Condalia hookeri var. hookeri, Condalia spathulata and Condalia viridis (Cory 1947). Ref.: Cory, 1947; Poole, 1989d.

Rosaceae Rose Family

Crataegus anamesa Sarg. Fort Bend hawthorn. Prairies in south-central Texas (Correll & Johnston, 1970). Reported by Vines (1960) from Fort Bend County; represented at TEX-LL by specimens from a woodland in Marion County and a wet coastal prairie in Brazoria County. Submerged in Crataegus viridis L. by some authorities; see Hatch et al., 1990. Ref.: Vines, 1960*.

Crataegus brazoria Sarg. Brazoria hawthorn. East Texas and Blackland prairies (Correll & Johnston, 1970). Vines (1960) mentions its occurrence on bottomlands of the Brazos River in Brazoria and Matagorda counties. It is unknown whether a Grimes County specimen at TAES is correctly identified. No specimens at TEX-LL, Feb 2002. Submerged in Crataegus mollis Scheele by some authorities; see Hatch et al., 1990. Ref.: Vines, 1960*.

Crataegus dallasiana Sarg. Dallas hawthorn. Along creeks in the Blackland Prairie regions of Dallas and Ellis counties (Enquist, 1990). Taxon not universally recognized; not mentioned, for example, in Jones, Wipff & Montgomery (1997). Ref.: Enquist, 1990; Vines, 1960*.

Crataegus poliophylla Sarg. Rosemary hawthorn, elegant hawthorn. Vines (1960) reported the species from Brazoria and Fort Bend counties, where it usually occurs "in thickets in drained soil." No specimens at TEX-LL, Feb 2002. Submerged in Crataegus viridis L. by some authorities; see Hatch et al., 1990. Ref.: Vines, 1960*.

Crataegus stenosepala Sarg. Narrow-sepal hawthorn, duke hawthorn. South-central Texas (Correll & Johnston, 1970). Vines (1960) reported the species only from Fort Bend County; it is unknown whether specimens from Angelina (TEX-LL), Galveston (TAES), Harris (TAES) and Marion (TEX-LL) counties are correctly identified. Submerged in Crataegus viridis L. by some authorities; see Hatch et al., 1990. Ref.: Vines, 1960*.

Crataegus sutherlandensis Sarg. Sutherland hawthorn. South Texas. No specimens at TEX-LL, Feb 2002. Submerged in Crataegus viridis L. by some authorities; see Hatch et al., 1990. Ref.: Vines, 1960*.

Crataegus texana Buckl. Texas hawthorn. Rich bottomlands in coastal Texas (Correll & Johnston, 1970). Represented at TAES and/or TEX-LL by specimens from Bexar, Brazoria, Caldwell, Cameron, Colorado, Galveston, Gonzales, Harris, Matagorda, Milam, Victoria, Wharton and Wilson counties; Vines (1960) adds Hardin, Jackson and Jefferson counties. Ref.: Nixon & Cunningham, 1985*; Vines, 1960*.

Crataegus turnerorum Enquist. Turners' hawthorn. Along streams and streambeds, usually in shade of live oaks (Quercus fusiformis); also in hillside thickets of shin oak (Quercus sinuata var. breviloba); habitat not indicated on specimen from the Davis Mountains (Enquist, 1990). Crockett, Jeff Davis, Menard, Mason, Schleicher, Sutton and Val Verde counties. Ref.: Enquist, 1990.

Crataegus viburnifolia Sarg. Viburnum hawthorn. South-central Texas. Bexar* and Wharton* counties. Submerged in Crataegus mollis Scheele by some authorities; see Hatch et al., 1990. Ref.: Vines, 1960*.

Crataegus viridis L. var. desertorum (Sarg.) Keeney & Enquist [Crataegus desertorum Sarg.; Crataegus glabriuscula Sarg. f. desertorum Sarg. of Vines, 1960]. Desert hawthorn. Woodlands along or near significant watercourses along the southern edge of the Edwards Plateau (Keeney & Enquist, 1990). Bandera and Uvalde counties Submerged in Crataegus viridis L. by some authorities; see Hatch et al., 1990. Ref.: Keeney & Enquist, 1990*; Vines, 1960*.

Crataegus warneri Sarg. Warner's hawthorn. Margins of upland oak-hickory and oak-hickory-pine woodlands or forests, mostly on sandy soils. Anderson, Cherokee, Franklin, Freestone, Houston, Smith, Upshur, Walker and Wood counties. Ref.: Mahler, 1985c; Nixon & Cunningham, 1985*; Vines, 1960*.

Prunus havardii (W. Wight) W. Wight. Havard plum. Shrublands on rocky limestone slopes on the western Edwards Plateau; also on igneous slopes and novaculite hills in the Trans-Pecos. Brewster*, Crockett*, Hudspeth* and Presidio* counties. Ref.: Powell, 1998*; Vines, 1960*.

Prunus minutiflora Engelm. Texas almond. In a variety of grassland and shrubland situations, mostly on calcareous soils underlain by limestone but occasionally in sandier neutral soils underlain by granite; wide-ranging but scarce, on the Edwards Plateau, Llano Uplift and South Texas Plains. Bell, Bexar, Bell, Burnet, Comal, Edwards, Frio, Irion, Kimble, Kinney, Live Oak, Mason, McMullen, Medina, Real, Travis, Uvalde, Val Verde, Williamson and Zavala counties. Reported from Chihuahua by Vines (1960); need voucher specimen. Ref.: Enquist, 1987a*; Lynch, 1981*; Powell, 1998*; Vines, 1960*.

Prunus rivularis Scheele var. pubescens Enquist [Prunus murrayana E. J. Palmer]. Marshall's plum. Creeksides, dry washes and upland fencelines in the Trans-Pecos, Stockton Plateau and western part of Edwards Plateau. Brewster, Coke, Concho, Crockett, Edwards, Irion, Jeff Davis, Schleicher, Sutton and Tom Green counties (Enquist, 1997). Prunus murrayana, once thought to be restricted to the Davis, Del Norte and Glass mountains of the Trans Pecos, is considered by Enquist to be indistinct from this wider-ranging (but still "endemic") taxon. Ref.: Enquist, 1997; Powell, 1998*; Simpson, 1988; Vines, 1960*.

Prunus texana Dietr. [Prunus glandulosa (Hook.) T. & G.] Texas peachbush, duraznillo. Scattered locations in sandy areas of the South Texas Plains, post oak belt on Eocene sands of the Coastal Plain, and Llano Uplift. Aransas, Atascosa, Bastrop*, Bexar*, Brooks*, Duval, Goliad*, Gonzales*, Hidalgo, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Live Oak, Llano*, Mason, Refugio, San Patricio, Starr, Victoria* and Wilson counties. A specimen from Red River County (TAES) has not been examined. Ref.: Enquist, 1987a*; Everitt & Drawe, 1993*; Hill, 1982b; Mason, 1913; Vines, 1960*.

Rubus riograndis Bailey [Rubus duplaris Shinners; Rubus trivialis var. duplaris (Shinners) Mahler]. Rio Grande dewberry. Sandy soils of the Post Oak belt and east Texas. Anderson, Angelina, Bastrop, Caldwell, DeWitt, Freestone, Gonzales, Henderson, Lee, Leon, Milam, Robertson and Wilson counties (Mahler, 1980). Ref.: Shinners, 1954; Mahler, 1979; Mahler, 1980.

Rubiaceae Madder Family

Hedyotis nigricans var. austrotexana B.L. Turner. South Texas star-violet. Bee, Cameron, DeWitt, Goliad, Jackson, Jim Hogg, Live Oak, McMullen, San Patricio Ref: Turner, 1995.

Houstonia correllii (W. H. Lewis) Terrell [Hedyotis correllii W. H. Lewis]. Correll's bluet. Collected to date only from Zapata County, where it occurs in sandy soils in openings in mesquite woodlands or thorn shrublands (Terrell, 1996). Ref.: Lewis, 1972*; Terrell, 1975; Terrell, 1996.

Houstonia croftiae Britt. & Rusby [Hedyotis croftiae (Britt. & Rusby) Shinners]. Croft's bluets. Sparsely vegetated areas in grasslands and thornscrub in South Texas. Duval*, Hidalgo, Jim Wells, Refugio, San Patricio, Starr*, Webb and Zapata counties (Terrell, 1996). Ref.: Hill, 1982b; Terrell, 1996.

Houstonia parviflora Holzinger ex Greenman [Hedyotis greenmanii Fosberg]. Greenman's bluets. Early successional areas in grasslands and in thornscrub, usually on tight sandy or sandy clay soils, mostly in South Texas. Bee*, Bexar, Cameron*, DeWitt, Goliad, Jim Wells*, Karnes, Nueces*, Refugio, San Patricio*, Travis*, Wilson and Williamson counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Jones, 1977; Terrell, 1996.

Houstonia subviscosa (Wright ex Gray) Gray [Hedyotis subviscosa (Wright ex Gray) Shinners]. South Texas bluet. Various early-successional habitats, mostly on sandy substrates. Aransas*, Atascosa, Bastrop*, Brooks*, Burleson*, Cameron*, Erath, Gonzales*, Guadalupe*, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg*, Kenedy*, Kleberg*, Lee*, Leon*, Milam, Nueces*, Refugio, Robertson*, San Patricio*, Webb*, Willacy, Wilson* and Zapata* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Terrell, 1996.

Stenaria mullerae (Fosb.) Terrell var. pooleana (B. L. Turner) Terrell [Hedyotis pooleana B. L. Turner]. Poole's bluet. Known only from eastern Brewster County, where it occurs on vertical limestone cliff faces in desert canyons. Ref.: Turner, 1995; Terrell, 1996; Terrell, 2001.

Stenaria butterwickiae (Terrell) Terrell [Houstonia butterwickiae Terrell; Hedyotis butterwickiae (Terrell) Nesom]. Butterwick's bluets. Shallow pockets or crevices in limestone bedrock on ridgetops in Brewster County. Ref.: Nesom & Vorobik, 1988; Terrell, 1979*; Terrell, 2001.

Rutaceae Citrus Family

Zanthoxylum parvum Shinners. Shinners' tickle-tongue. Wooded rocky igneous slopes, mostly in the Davis Mountains (Jeff Davis County) but also historically from Brewster County. Ref.: Poole, 1989e; Porter, 1976; Powell, 1998*; Shinners, 1956*.

Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family

Agalinis edwardsiana Penn. Plateau gerardia. Locally abundant in grasslands on shallow, calcareous, clayey to somewhat sandy soils, often on open rocky slopes among clumps of seep muhly (Muhlenbergia reverchonii), tall grama (Bouteloua pectinata) and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), mostly on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera, Bexar, Burnet, Comal, Edwards, Gillespie (Pennell, 1921), Hays, Kendall (Pennell, 1921), Kerr and Travis counties; possibly as far west as Val Verde County (Pennell, 1921); assessment of distribution hampered by dearth of annotated specimens. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*.

Agalinis navasotensis Dubrule & Canne-Hilliker. Navasota false-foxglove. Known only from Grimes County, occurring on sparsely vegetated sandy soils on outcrops of calcareous sandstone of the Oakville Formation. Ref.: Canne-Hilliker & Dubrule, 1993*.

Castilleja purpurea (Nutt.) G. Don var. lindheimeri (Gray) Shinners [Castilleja lindheimeri Gray]. Lindheimer's paintbrush. Dry rocky limestone slopes on the Edwards Plateau and adjacent areas, often among clumps of seep muhly (Muhlenbergia reverchonii), tall grama (Bouteloua pectinata) and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium). Bandera, Bell, Bexar, Blanco, Burnet, Comal (Pennell, 1921), Comanche (Pennell, 1921), Coryell, Dallas, Gillespie, Goliad, Hays, Hood (Pennell, 1921), Kendall (Pennell, 1921), Kerr, Lampasas, McLennan, Medina, Menard (Pennell, 1921), Parker (Pennell, 1921), Tom Green (Pennell, 1921), Travis, Uvalde, Val Verde, Williamson and Zavala counties. Ref.: Enquist, 1987a*; Pennell, 1921.

Penstemon guadalupensis Heller. Guadalupe penstemon. Scattered in calcareous prairies on the Lampasas Cutplain and Edwards Plateau. Brown, Coke, Comanche, Gillespie, Irion, Kerr, Llano, Mitchell, Nolan, San Saba, Scurry, Tom Green and counties (BRIT/SMU, 1999; TAES, 1999; TEX-LL, 1998). A specimen attributed to Travis County (Edwards Plateau, 30 Mar 1935, B. C. Tharp s.n., TEX-LL) was probably collected elsewhere. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*.

Penstemon triflorus Heller. Scarlet penstemon. Three subspecies are reported to occur in Texas (Jones, Wipff & Montgomery, 1997), one of which, subsp. triflorus, may be endemic to the Edwards Plateau. However, other taxonomic opinions currently prevail, making it impossible for the armchair botanist to determine the county range of this subspecies. Ref.: Enquist, 1987a*.

Seymeria texana (Gray) Penn. Texas seymeria. Limestone outcrops and grassy openings in juniper-oak woodlands on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera*, Bexar, Comal*, Gillespie, Hays, Kendall*, Kerr*, Kimble, Travis* and Val Verde* counties. Ref.: Turner, 1982.

Solanaceae Potato Family

Lycium puberulum Gray var. berberioides (Correll) Chiang [Lycium berberioides Correll]. Silvery wolfberry. Chihuahuan Desert grasslands and shrublands on gravel flats and clay hills. Brewster* and Presidio counties. Ref.: Chiang-Cabrera, 1981; Powell, 1998*.

Lycium texanum Correll. Texas wolfberry. Semi-desert grasslands and thorn shrublands on sandy, gravelly, and/or loamy soils, on very gently sloping terrain as well as in rocky areas in canyons, often over limestone at moderate elevations. Brewster*, Culberson* and Hudspeth* counties. Ref.: Chiang-Cabrera, 1981; Powell, 1998*.

Physalis mollis Nutt. var. variovestita (Waterfall) Sullivan [Physalis variovestita Waterfall]. South Texas ground-cherry. Sandy areas in South Texas. Brooks*, Cameron*, Hidalgo*, Jim Hogg*, Kenedy* and Willacy* counties. Ref.: Menzel, 1960; Sullivan, 1985; Waterfall, 1958.

Physalis virginiana Mill. var. texana (Rydb.) Waterfall [Physalis texana Rydb.] Texas groundcherry. Miscellaneous habitats in a variety of locations, mostly on the coastal plain. Cameron*, Comanche*, Gonzales*, Hidalgo*, Kleberg*, La Salle*, McMullen*, Nueces*, San Saba*, Travis* and Victoria* counties.

Styracaceae Storax Family

Styrax platanifolius Engelm. subsp. platanifolius. Sycamore-leaf snowbells. Oak-juniper woodlands on steep rocky banks and ledges along intermittent or perennial streams, rarely far from some reliable source of moisture, mostly on the eastern Edwards Plateau and adjacent Lampasas Cutplain but also the in the Llano Uplift. Bell, Blanco, Burnet, Caldwell, Coryell, Edwards, Hays, Kendall, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Llano, Real and Travis counties (BRIT/SMU, TAES, TEX-LL); also reported from Bexar, Comal and Gillespie counties. Ref.: Cory, 1943; Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Enquist, 1987a*; Gonsoulin, 1974*; Vines, 1960*.

Styrax platanifolius Engelm. subsp. stellatus (Cory) P. W. Fritsch. Hairy sycamore-leaf snowbells. In habitats similar to those of subsp. platanifolius; mostly on the western and southern Edwards Plateau. Fritsch (in ed.) cited specimens from Bandera, Kendall, Real and Uvalde counties. Ref.: Cory, 1943; Enquist, 1987a*; Gonsoulin, 1974*; Vines, 1960*.

Styrax platanifolius Engelm. subsp. texanus (Cory) P. W. Fritsch [Styrax texanus Cory]. Texas snowbells. Limestone bluffs, boulder slopes and cliff faces, usually along perennial streams in canyon bottoms, in full sun or in partial shade of evergreen-deciduous woodlands. Edwards, Real and Val Verde counties; introduced at a site in Kinney County. Ref.: Cory, 1943; Gonsoulin, 1974*; Mahler, 1981h; Poole & Riskind, 1987*; U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 1986; Vines, 1960*.

Valerianaceae Valerian Family

Valerianella florifera Shinners. Floriferous cornflower. Post oak woodlands on sandy or loamy soils in the post oak belt. Fayette*, Franklin*, Lee*, Robertson* and San Jacinto* counties. Ref.: Eggers, 1969*.

Valerianella stenocarpa (Engelm.) Krok. Bigflower cornsalad. Creekbeds and vernally moist grassy open areas. Bell*, Bexar*, Blanco*, Burnet*, Comal*, Kerr*, Llano*, Medina, San Saba*, Tarrant and Travis* and Wilson* counties. Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon (1999) indicate that reports from north and north-central Texas. i.e., Dallas, San Saba, Tarrant and Travis counties, may be erroneous [based on var. parviflora = V radiata?]; the species would thus be limited to the southern Edwards Plateau. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Eggers, 1969*.

Valerianella texana Dyal. Llano corn-salad. Early successional grasslands on shallow to very shallow, well drained, sandy to gravelly soils in upland areas, often at the margin of outcrops of sparsely vegetated igneous rock outcrops; restricted to the Llano Uplift. Burnet*, Gillespie* and Llano* counties. Ref.: Dyal, 1938; Eggers, 1969*; Mahler, 1981b*; Mahler, 1993.

Violaceae Violet Family

Viola guadalupensis A. M. Powell & B. Wauer. Guadalupe Mountains violet. Known only from "bullet hole" openings in dolomitized limestone rock faces within open Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) woodlands at about 8000 feet in the Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson Co. (Powell & Wauer 1990). Ref.: Powell & Wauer, 1990*.

Vitaceae Grape Family

Parthenocissus heptaphylla (Buckl.) Small. Sevenleaf creeper. Juniper-oak woodlands on shallow clayey soils on rocky limestone slopes, often among boulders on drier upper slopes of canyons, in shade or in areas exposed to full sun part of the day; mostly on the Edwards Plateau. Bandera, Bell*, Bexar, Blanco, Burnet, Coleman*, Comal*, Edwards, Fayette, Hays, Kerr*, Kimble*, Lampasas, Llano*, Mason*, Pecos, San Saba, Schleicher*, Terrell, Travis*, Uvalde, Val Verde and Williamson counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Powell, 1998*; Vines, 1960.

Vitis monticola Buckl. Mountain grape. Juniper-oak woodlands on dry to mesic limestone slopes on the Edwards Plateau, with reports from Bandera*, Bexar*, Blanco*, Bosque, Comal*, Coryell*, Edwards*, Hamilton, Kendall, Kerr*, Kimble, Kinney*, Lampasas, Llano, Palo Pinto, Real*, San Saba, Travis*, Uvalde* and Val Verde* counties. Ref.: Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999*; Lynch, 1981*; Vines 1960*.

Zygophyllaceae Caltrop Family

Kallstroemia perennans B. L. Turner [Kallstroemia hirsuta L. Williams; not Kallstroemia hirsuta (Benth.) Engler & Prantl]. Perennial caltrop. Somewhat barren gypseous clays and limestone soils at low elevations in the Chihuahuan Desert and arid areas on the western edge of the Edwards Plateau. Brewster*, Presidio* and Val Verde* counties. Ref.: Turner, 1950; Williams, 1935*.

Excluded Taxa

The following taxa, considered endemic to Texas in Endemic Vascular Plants of Texas (Anonymous, undated) and/or Phytogeographical Investigation of Texas Endemics (Amos, 1991), are excluded on the basis of additional range information or subsequent taxonomic changes.

Abutilon marshii Standl. Submerged by Fryxell (1988) within Allowissadula holosericea (Scheele) Bates.

Acer leucoderme Small. Ranges throughout southeastern US.

Acleisanthes crassifolia Gray. Ranges into Coahuila (Smith, 1975).

Agave chisosensis Mull. Included in A. glomeruliflora, which ranges into Coahuila.

Agave havardiana Trel. Ranges into Mexico (Powell, 1998).

Aletes filifolius Math., Const. & Theobald. Ranges into New Mexico (Martin & Hutchins, 1981).

Amsonia repens Shinners. Also occurs in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana (Thomas & Allen, 1996).

Amsonia tharpii Woods. Also occurs in Eddy Co., New Mexico.

Andropogon spadiceus Swallen. Ranges into Mexico (Powell, 1994).

Aquilegia longissima Gray. Range includes Chihuahua, Coahuila and Nuevo León.

Aster puniceus L. subsp. elliottii (T. & G.) A. G. Jones var. scabricaulis (Shinners) A. G. Jones [Aster scabricaulis Shinners; Aster puniceus L. var. scabricaulis (Shinners) A. G. Jones; Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) Löve & Löve var. scabricaule (Shinners) Nesom]. Occurs in Mississippi and Louisiana (G. Nesom, pers comm.).

Astragalus leptocarpus T. & G. Ranges into Louisiana (Thieret, 1967) and Arkansas (Orzell & Bridges, 1987).

Astragalus nuttallianus A. DC. var. macilentus (Small) Barneby. Ranges into New Mexico and Mexico (Martin & Hutchins, 1981)

Astragalus soxmaniorum Lundell. Ranges into Louisiana (Thieret, 1969).

Bartonia texana Correll. Ranges into Louisiana.

Batesimalva violacea (Rose) Fryxell [Gaya violacea Rose]. Range includes Coahuila and Nuevo León.

Billieturnera helleri (Rose) Fryxell [Sida helleri Rose]. Ranges into Tamaulipas and Nuevo León (Fryxell, 1982).

Bouchetia erecta DC. Ranges into Coahuila, Hidalgo and Nuevo León.

Brickellia viejensis Flyr. Placed by Turner (1990) in synonymy under Brickellia lemmonii Gray var. lemmonii.

Callisia micrantha (Torr.) Hunt [Tradescantia micrantha Torr.]. Ranges into Mexico, according to Robert Faden in Flora of North America (www.eFloras.org).

Cassia aristellata (Greene) Cory & Parks. Submerged within Chamaecrista calycioides (Colladon) Greene var. calycioides.

Castilleja ciliata Penn. According to Nesom (1992), these plants are not distinct from plants of southeastern New Mexico, where they are known by the earlier name Castilleja wootonii.

Castilleja elongata Penn. According to Nesom (1992), these plants are not distinct from Castilleja integra, a species known from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León and Sonora.

Celtis lindheimeri Sarg. Reported by Sargent (1949) from Mexico, Oklahoma and Arizona. However, not reported from Arizona by Kearney & Peebles (1960) or from Oklahoma by Waterfall (1972).

Chaetopappa hersheyi Blake. Ranges into New Mexico, but endemic to Guadalupe Mountains.

Chamaesyce angusta (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia angusta Engelm.] Reported by Henrickson & Johnston (in prep.) from one site in south-central Coahuila.

Chamaesyce chaetocalyx (Boiss.) Woot. & Standl. var. triligulata (Wheeler) Mayfield [Euphorbia fendleri T. & G. var. triligulata Wheeler; Euphorbia chaetocalyx (Boiss.) Tidestr. var. triligulata (Wheeler) M. C. Johnst.] Ranges into Coahuila.

Chamaesyce geyeri (Engelm.) Small var. wheeleriana (Warnock & M. C. Johnston) Mayfield [Euphorbia geyeri Engelm. var. wheeleriana Warnock & M. C. Johnston]. Ranges into New Mexico and Chihuahua.

Chamaesyce golondrina (Wheeler) Shinners [Euphorbia golondrina Wheeler]. Also in adjacent northern Chihuahua and northern Coahuila.

Chamaesyce perennans Shinners [Euphorbia perennans (Shinners) Warnock & M. C. Johnst.]. Ranges into Chihuahua.

Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. var. simulans (Wheeler) Shinners [Euphorbia simulans (Wheeler) B. Warnock & M. C. Johnston; Chamaesyce simulans (Wheeler) M. Mayfield]. Also in northeastern Chihuahua.

Chamaesyce simulans (Wheeler) Mayfield [Euphorbia simulans (Wheeler) Warnock & M. C. Johnston]. Big Bend matspurge. Deserts of the Trans-Pecos. Ref.: Mayfield, 1993.

Chrysothamnus spathulatus L. C. Anderson. Ranges into New Mexico.

Cirsium terranigrae Shinners. Included by most authors in Cirsium engelmannii Rydb., while ranges into Oklahoma (Diggs, Lipscomb & O'Kennon, 1999) and Louisiana (Thomas & Allen, 1996).

Cirsium turneri Warnock. Ranges into Chihuahua and Coahuila.

Citharexylum spathulatum Lundell. Indistinct from C. brachyanthum Gray.

Coreopsis intermedia Sherff. Ranges into Louisiana (Gandhi & Thomas, 1989).

Coreopsis wrightii (Gray) Parker [C. basalis (Otto & Dietr.) Blake var. wrightii (Gray) Blake]. Ranges into Oklahoma (Smith, 1976).

Coryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose var. runyonii (Britt. & Rose) L. Benson [Mammillaria runyonii Britt. & Rose]. Also in Mexico.

Crataegus berberifolia T. & G. var. edita (Sarg.) Palmer. No subspecific taxa are recognized by current authorities. C. berberifolia sensu lato ranges widely across the southeastern US.

Crataegus cherokeensis Sarg. Submerged in Crataegus crusgalli L. by some authorities; see Hatch et al., 1990; Jones, Wipff & Montgomery (1997); ITIS website.

Crataegus sublobulata Sarg. Submerged in Crataegus crusgalli L. by some authorities and in Crataegus engelmannii Sarg. by others; see Hatch et al. (1990) and Jones, Wipff & Montgomery (1997).

Crataegus tracyi Ashe. If specimens at TEX-LL are correctly determined, this hawthorn ranges into Coahuila.

Cryptantha oblata Payson. Ranges into New Mexico (Martin & Hutchins, 1981).

Cucurbita texana (Scheele) Gray [C. pepo L. subsp. ovifera (L.) Decker var. texana (Scheele) Decker]. Ranges into Eddy County, New Mexico (Sivinski & Lightfoot, 1992).

Dalea phleoides (T. & G.) Shinners var. phleoides (Petalostemum glandulosum Coult. & Fisher). Ranges into Louisiana (MacRoberts, 1984; Thieret, 1968)

Dalea phleoides (T. & G.) Shinners var. microphyllum (T. & G.) Barneby [Petalostemum microphyllum (T. & G.) Heller; Dalea drummondiana Shinners]. Barely extends into southern Oklahoma (Barneby, 1977) and Arkansas (Smith, 1988).

Dalea villosa Nutt.) Spreng. var. grisea (T. & G.) Barneby [Petalostemum griseum T. & G.]. Ranges into Louisiana (Barneby, 1977).

Delphinium madrense Wats. Range includes northeastern Mexico.

Desmanthus acuminatus Benth. [D. virgatus (L.) Willd. var. acuminatus (Benth.) Isely]. Ranges into South America (Luckow, 1993).

Digitaria patens (Swallen) Henr. [Trichachne patens Swallen]. Range includes Mexico (Gould, 1975).

Echinomastus warnockii (L. Benson) Glass & Foster [Neolloydia warnockii L. Benson]. Also occurs in Mexico (Anderson, 2001).

Eleocharis cylindrica Buckl. Now treated as E. parishii, a species of the southwestern US.

Eragrostis swallenii Hitchc. Range includes Mexico (Gould, 1975).

Erigeron bigelovii Gray. Range includes New Mexico and northern Mexico (Martin & Hutchins, 1981).

Erigeron geiseri Shinners var. geiseri. Ranges includes Oklahoma (Johnston, 1990).

Erigeron mimegletes Shinners [Erigeron geiseri Shinners var. calcicola Shinners]. Submerged by De Jong & Nesom (1996) within Erigeron versicolor (J. Greenman) Nesom, which ranges from Arizona, southern New Mexico and west Texas south to Chihuahua, Durango, Hidalgo and Edo. Mexico.

Eriogonum correllii Reveal. Range includes Oklahoma (McGregor et al., 1986).

Euphorbia strictior Holz. Range includes New Mexico (New Mexico Native Plants Protection Advisory Committee, 1984).

Evax candida (T. & G.) Gray. Ranges into Louisiana (MacRoberts, 1989).

Frankenia johnstonii Correll. Ranges into Nuevo León.

Fraxinus texensis (Gray) Sarg. Ranges into Arbuckle Mountains in Oklahoma (Simpson, 1988).

Fryxellia pygmaea (Correll) Bates [Anoda pygmaea Correll]. Ranges into Coahuila (Fryxell & Valdes, 1991).

Galium correllii Dempst. Ranges into Coahuila.

Galium frankliniense Correll. Submerged within G. wrightii Gray.

Garrya ovata Benth. var. lindheimeri (Torr.) Dahling [G. lindheimeri Torr.]. Ranges into Coahuila and Nuevo León (Powell, 1998).

Geranium texanum (Trel.) Heller. Range includes Oklahoma (Taylor & Taylor, 1987) and Arkansas (Thomas et al., 1991).

Habranthus texanus (Herb.) Steud. Included by Holmes & Wells (1980) within H. tubispathus, which is primarily South American in distribution. Holmes & Wells speculated that it is not native to North America.

Hackelia pinetorum (Greene) I. M. Johnston. Ranges into New Mexico.

Hechtia texensis Wats. Range includes Mexico (Powell, 1998).

Hedeoma apiculatum W. S. Stewart. Ranges into New Mexico; endemic to Guadalupe Mountains.

Helianthus debilis Nutt. subsp. cucumerifolius (T. & G.) Heiser. Ranges into southeastern US (Cronquist, 1980).

Heliotropium racemosum (Rose & Standl.) I. M. Johnston. Ranges into Tamaulipas.

Herbertia lahue (Mol.) Goldblatt [Alophia drummondii of Texas authors, e.g. Correll & Johnston, 1970]. Reported from ten parishes in Louisiana (Thomas & Allen, 1993).

Hybanthus verticillatus Ort. Baill. var. platyphyllus (Gray) Cory & Parks. Variety not recognized by most authorities.

Ibervillea tripartita Greene. Submerged in Ibervillea lindheimeri (Gray) Greene.

Ipomoea cardiophylla Gray. Ranges into New Mexico and Arizona (Martin & Hutchins, 1981).

Ipomoea lindheimeri Gray. Ranges into New Mexico (Martin & Hutchins, 1981).

Ipomopsis havardii (Gray) V. Grant. Ranges into Coahuila and Chihuahua.

Juncus validus Cov. var. fascinatus M. C. Johnston. Infraspecific taxa no longer recognized by most authorities.

Juncus texanus Engelm. Ranges into Oklahoma.

Justicia runyonii Small. Ranges into Tamaulipas.

Justicia warnockii Turner. Ranges into Coahuila.

Krigia gracilis (DC.) Shinners. Submerged in Krigia cespitosa (Raf.) Chambers (Kim & Turner, 1992).

Lechea mensalis Hodgd. Range includes Coahuila.

Sedum texanum J. G. Smith [Lenophyllum texanum (J. G. Smith) Rose]. Ranges into Tamaulipas.

Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. var. rotundum C. L. Hitchc. Included in synonymy under Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. var. wrightii (Gray) C. L. Hitchc.

Lesquerella thamnophila Rollins & Shaw. One specimen from Tamaulipas: Loreto Ranch, 16 Sep 1960, M. C. Johnston & J. Crutchfield 5556 (TEX-LL).

Lesquerella mcvaughiana Rollins. Also in Coahuila (Henrickson & Johnston, in prep.).

Liatris tenuis Shinners. Ranges into Louisiana.

Lithospermum mirabile Small. Ranges into Coahuila and Nuevo León.

Lithospermum parksii I. M. Johnst. var. parksii. Ralston (1993) included L. parksii var. parksii and L. parksii var. rugulosum I. M. Johnston in synonymy under Lithospermum mirabile Small, which occurs patchily across much of the southern half of Texas into New Mexico (Eddy County only?) and south into Coahuila and northern Chihuahua.

Lithospermum parksii I. M. Johnst. var. rugulosum I. M. Johnst. See above.

Limnosciadium pumilum (Engelm. & Gray) Math. & Const. Reported from Louisiana (Thieret, 1967).Lupinus subcarnosus Hook. Reported from Louisiana (MacRoberts, 1984).

Lupinus texensis Hook. Reported from Louisiana (MacRoberts, 1984).

Lycium puberulum Gray var. puberulum. Range includes much of Mexico.

Lythrum ovalifolium Koehne. Range includes Mexico.

Machaeranthera texensis (R. C. Jackson) Shinners. Treated in Jones, Wipff & Montgomery (1997) as indistinct from Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida.

Manfreda longiflora (Rose) Verhoek [Polianthes runyonii Shinners]. Also found in northern Tamaulipas.

Polianthes maculosa (Hook.) Shinners [Manfreda maculosa (Hook.) Rose]. Ranges into Mexico (Verhoek, 1975).

Manfreda sileri Verhoek. Ranges into Tamaulipas (Verhoek, 1978).

Marsilea macropoda Braun. Range includes much of Mexico (Johnston, 1986).

Matelea sagittifolia (Gray) Woods. Occurs in Nuevo León (pers. obs., March 2001).

Menispermum canadense L. Range includes much of North America.

Mentzelia saxicola Thomps. & Zavortink. Range includes Chihuahua, Coahuila and Zacatecas (Henrickson & Johnston in prep.).

Mimosa emoryana Benth. Range includes Chihuahua (Powell, 1998).

Mirabilis collina Shinners. Included by Turner (1993b) within M. albida (Walt.) Heimerl.

Mirabilis eutricha Shinners. Included by Turner (1993b) within M. albida (Walt. Heimerl.

Mirabilis grayana Standl. Included by Turner (1993b) within M. albida (Walt.) Heimerl.

Mirabilis lindheimeri Standl. Included by Turner (1993b) within M. jalapa L.

Muhlenbergia lindheimeri Hitchc. Ranges into Mexico.

Muhlenbergia villosa Swallen. Ranges into New Mexico (Morden & Hatch, 1996).

Nama havardii Gray. According to Bacon (1974), conspecific with N. stewartii I. M. Johnston, which ranges into Mexico.

Nama xylopodum (Woot. & Standl.) C. L. Hitchc. Ranges into New Mexico (New Mexico Native Plants Protection Advisory Committee, 1984).

Nesaea longipes Gray [Heimia longipes (Gray) Cory]. Range includes Mexico.

Onosmodium bejariense DC. According to the interpretation by Turner (1995a), ranging into Arkansas and Louisiana.

Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck var. flexospina (Griffiths) Parfitt & Pinkava [Opuntia flexospina Griffiths; Opuntia strigil Engelm. var. flexospina (Griffiths) L. Benson]. Also in Mexico (Anderson 2001).

Ostrya chisosensis Correll. Ranges into Mexico.

Oxalis drummondii Gray. Ranges across much of northern Mexico (Denton, 1973).

Palafoxia rosea (Bush) Cory var. rosea. Ranges into Oklahoma (Turner & Morris, 1976).

Paronychia chorizanthoides Small. Submerged within P. lindheimeri Gray by Turner (1983a).

Paronychia drummondii T. & G. subsp. parviflora Chaudri. Submerged within the species by Turner (1983a).

Paronychia lundellorum Turner. Submerged in P. setacea T. & G.

Paronychia monticola Cory. Ranges into Mexico (Turner, 1983a).

Paronychia nudata Correll. Submerged within P. monticola Cory by Turner (1983a).

Paronychia parksii Cory. Submerged within P. virginica Spreng. (Turner, 1983a).

Pediomelum latestipulatum (Shinners) Mahler var. latestipulatum [Psoralea latestipulata Shinners var. latestipulata]. Known from Kansas and New Mexico (Grimes, 1990).

Penstemon brevibarbatus Crosswhite. Included by some authorities within P. triflorus Hell. ssp. integrifolius Penn.; see Hatch et al., 1990.

Penstemon cardinalis Woot. & Standl. subsp. regalis (A. Nels.) Nisbet & Jackson. Ranges into New Mexico.

Penstemon helleri Small. Treated by most authorities under P. triflorus ssp. integrifolius.

Penstemon wrightii Hook. var. wrightii. Reported from eastern Chihuahua (Straw in Henrickson & Johnston, in prep.), albeit not to variety.

Perityle lindheimeri (Gray) Shinners var. lindheimeri. Ranges into New Mexico.

Perityle parryi Gray. Ranges into Chihuahua and Coahuila.

Phacelia integrifolia Torr. var. texana (J. Voss) Atwood [Phacelia texana J. Voss]. Also in Oklahoma and New Mexico (NatureServe, 1 March 2002).

Philadelphus ernestii Hu. Disjunct populations in northern Mexico (formerly assigned to P. texensis Hu).

Philadelphus texensis Hu [including var. coryanus Hu]. Submerged in P. ernestii Hu.

Phyllanthus ericoides Torr. Ranges into Coahuila.

Physostegia micrantha Lundell. Submerged by Cantino (1982) within P. intermedia (Nutt.) Engelm. & Gray.

Physostegia pulchella Lundell. Reported by Thieret (1971) from Louisiana.

Poa involuta Hitchc. Submerged within P. strictiramea, which ranges well into Mexico (Soreng, 1991; Powell, 1994).

Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. subsp. riograndensis Iltis. Ranges into Tamaulipas and Nuevo León (Iltis, 1960).

Polanisia erosa subsp. erosa. Known from Louisiana and Oklahoma but "essentially a Texas endemic" (Correll & Johnston, 1970).

Polygala maravillasensis Correll. Ranges includes Coahuila.

Polygala rimulicola Steyerm. var. rimulicola. Ranges includes New Mexico; actually endemic to Guadalupe Mts.

Polygonum striatulum B. Robinson. Reported from St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana (MacRoberts, 1989c) and Oklahoma (central BCD, 1997).

Polytaenia texana (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Ranges into Oklahoma.

Porophyllum greggii Gray. Ranges into Chihuahua.

Proboscidea sabulosa Correll. Range includes New Mexico and Chihuahua.

Proboscidea spicata Correll. Range includes Coahuila.

**Prunus serotina subsp. eximia. Also in Oklahoma per whom??

Pyrrhopappus rothrockii Gray. Submerged in P. pauciflorus (D. Don) DC.

Quercus buckleyi Dorr & Nixon (Q. texana of auth., not Buckl.). Ranges into Oklahoma.

Quercus hinckleyi C. H. Mull. Ranges into Mexico (Riskind, pers. comm.).

Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus. Ranges into Mexico (Powell, 1998)

Quercus tardifolia C. H. Mull. Ranges into Mexico (Powell, 1998).

Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. var. cuneiformis (Small) L. Benson. Ranges into Louisiana (Benson, 1941).

Rhynchospora indianolensis Small. Considered indistinct from Rhynchospora scutellata Griseb., a species ranging from Argentina through Central America to the West Indies (Thomas, 1992).

Rosa stellata Woot. subsp. mirifica (Greene) W. H. Lewis var. erlansoniae W. H. Lewis. Ranges into New Mexico, but endemic to Guadalupe Mountains.

Rubus aboriginum Rydb. Ranges into Oklahoma (Waterfall, 1972), Missouri (Steyermark, 1963) and Kansas (Vines, 1960).

Rubus apogaeus Bailey. Ranges east to Alabama (Vines, 1960) and Florida (NatureServe 2002).

Rubus nessianus Bailey. Included by some authorities in R. lucidus Rydb.; see Hatch et al., 1990.

Schoenolirion texanum (Scheele) Gray. Included by Sherman (1979) in S. wrightii, which ranges east to Alabama.

Sedum havardii Rose. Ranges into Coahuila.

Senecio ampullaceus Hook. Ranges into Arkansas (J. Singhurst, pers. comm.).

Selinocarpus parvifolius Standl. Ranges into Mexico.

Seymeria havardii (Penn.) Standl. Submerged by Turner (1982) within S. bipinnatisecta Seem.

Seymeria scabra Gray. Wide-ranging in northern Mexico (Turner, 1982).

Solanum davisiense Whalen. Also in the Sierra del Carmen of northern Coahuila (Whalen, 1976).

Solidago mollis Bartl. var. angustata Shinners. Ranges into Oklahoma (Taylor & Taylor, 1984).

Stipa curvifolia Swallen. Ranges into New Mexico and Chihuahua.

Streptanthus platycarpus Gray. Ranges into Coahuila (Henrickson & Johnston, in prep.).

Streptanthus carinatus Wright. Ranges into New Mexico and Arizona (Worthington, 1981).

Streptanthus cutleri Cory. Ranges into Coahuila.

Streptanthus sparsiflorus Roll. Ranges into New Mexico.

Styrax youngae Cory. Ranges into Coahuila & Nuevo León.

Suaeda duripes I. M. Johnst. Not recognized as distinct from Suaeda suffrutescens var. detonsa by most authorities, e.g., Hopkins & Blackwell (1977), Jones, Wipff & Montgomery (1997), Kartesz (1994) and Powell (1998).

Symphoricarpos guadalupensis Correll. Probably based on an aberrant specimen of Symphoricarpos oreophilus.

Tetraneuris turneri (Parker) Parker [Hymenoxys turneri Parker]. Ranges into Coahuila: Mcpio. Allende, Hwy 47, 0.4 mi S of El Infante, 15 May 1982, L. J. Dorr & T. L. Atkins 2222 (TEX-LL).

Thelesperma curvicarpum T. E. Melchert. Shown by Green (1997) to be an achene form of both Thelesperma filifolium and T. simplicifolium.

Thelypodium tenue Rollins. Submerged within Thelypodium texanum by most recent authors.

Tinantia anomala (Torr.) C. B. Clarke [Commelinantia anomala (Torr.) Tharp]. Ranges south into Mexico; specimens at TEX-LL.

Tradescantia wrightii Rose & Bush. Ranges into Mexico (Henrickson & Johnston, ms).

Tradescantia gigantea Rose. Reported from two parishes in northern Louisiana (MacRoberts, 1984; MacRoberts, 1989a; Thomas & Allen, 1993).

Triodanis coloradoensis (Buckl.) McVaugh. Ranges into Coahuila and Nuevo León.

Valeriana texana Steyermark. Also occurs in New Mexico, but endemic to Guadalupe Mountains.

Verbena cloverae Moldenke. Ranges into Nuevo León.

Verbena runyonii Moldenke (including f. rosiflora L. I. Davis). Ranges into Nuevo León.

Vernonia vulturina Shinners. Hybrid between V. marginata (Torr.) Raf and V. baldwinii Torr. (Johnston, 1990).

Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. var. laxiflora. Jones, Wipff & Montgomery (1997) place this under var. ludoviciana.

Viguiera phenax Blake [V. ludens (Shinners) M. C. Johnst.]. Ranges into Chihuahua (Hanks & Powell, 1983c).

Tetramerium platystegium Torr. [Yeatesia platystegia (Torr.) Hilsenbeck]. Ranges into Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas.

Yucca campestris McKelvey. Ranges into New Mexico (Clary, 1997; NatureServe, 2002).

Yucca reverchonii Trel. Map in Clary (1997) suggests range extends into northern Mexico.

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Deletions, January 2009

Thelesperma flavodiscum (Shinners) B. L. Turner. Yellowdisk greenthread. Open post oak woodlands and margins on deep sandy soils. Anderson*, Bastrop*, Burleson*, Freestone*, Gonzales*, Hardin*, Houston*, Leon*, Medina*, Milam*, Newton*, Polk*, San Augustine*, Shelby*, Smith*, Tyler*, Van Zandt and Wilson* counties (TEX-LL, 1998). Also in Arkansas and Louisiana per FNA.